Finding Hope in the Life of Young Part-timers

The objective of this article is to link the structural factor (employment structure) and subjective factor (notion of labor) concerned with the generation process of young part-timers (freeters) by considering their life histories in terms of hope. Based on the ongoing research conducted over a period of 5 years on three male freeters, the following facts have come to light. Freeters are located on the lower strata of full-time and part-time jobs. They cannot envision a future career path in either employment style. Due to current labor ethics, they cannot form a subgroup that acknowledges their employment style and present-time orientation. Under pressure from labor ethics, which insist that they do “decent” work, they cannot help but hope to escape from this double-bind. To put it briefly, present Japanese society needs flexible workers, on the one hand, but cannot permit them to be flexible on the other. This kind of structural tension drives the young workers to hope. But hope does not dissolve the structural tension. On the contrary, it works to prolong this structural tension itself.     

The Psychodynamics of a Clinician's Hope: A Delicate Balance

A clinician's sense of hope is not easily maintained in the therapeutic situation. Exploring the psychodynamics of hope in two interviews—one focusing on a community mental health psychotherapist and the other on a school social worker—this paper proposes that maintaining hope requires an intense affect state, an active blend of emotional and intellectual reflections in the mind of the clinician. Ongoing hope is the product of a delicate balance between a clinician's tolerance for the tragic in life and the expectations of positive treatment outcome. These reflections occur in an intrapsychic space, a point of juncture between the clinician's primary process longings/fears and secondary process thoughts. Hope is constructed in this space. It gains its language, form, and substance from the integration of personal experience, client observation and clinical theory. Reflective activity helps a clinician avoid disabling transference to a client and promotes identifications that lead to realistic treatment goals.     

Exploring the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Hope

ABSTRACT

To explore the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and hope, a convenience sample of caregivers bringing in children for medical investigation of child abuse at a regional child advocacy center were surveyed for adverse childhood experiences and dispositional hope. Hope in this sample had a significant negative correlation to the adverse childhood experiences subscale “abuse” (r = –.19; p < .05). The relationship between hope and the other adverse childhood experiences subscales “neglect” (r = –.14) and “dysfunctional family” (r = –.16) was not statistically significant. An analysis of variance was performed to determine if caregivers who have experienced both sexual and physical abuse (M = 29.67; SD = 15.96) have lower hope scores compared to those caregivers who have experienced neither physical nor sexual abuse (M = 42.64; SD = 18.44). This analysis (F (1, 84) = 5.28; p < 0.05) showed that caregivers who experienced both physical and sexual abuse scored significantly lower on hope compared to their counterparts who experienced no adverse events, with an estimated effect size of moderate strength (d = 0.70). Higher adverse childhood experiences scores are associated with lower hope. This result was especially true for those adult caregivers who reported experiencing both physical and sexual abuse when compared to adults who did not experience either form of child trauma. While the empirical literature continues to demonstrate the negative consequences of adverse childhood experiences across the life span, hope offers a compelling new line of inquiry in child maltreatment research especially for studies targeting prevention or intervention.     

“寄希望于台湾人民”的两岸新闻交流政策诠释

两岸新闻交流的深入开展是落实“寄希望于台湾人民”对台政策的应有之义,也是两岸关系和平发展的重要保障。“寄希望于台湾人民”的新闻交流政策,体现了当局对台湾人民的“尊重、信赖、依靠”,也彰显了台湾人民在两岸新闻交流中的重要地位,更为两岸新闻交流提供了良好的契机。历史与现实表明,两岸媒体能够在促进两岸人民间的理解与沟通,消除误解与隔阂,增进诚意与善意,不断凝聚共识,夯实互信基础,以期为两岸最终实现统一发挥良好的舆论环境作用。当前,两岸已实现在经贸、文化、体育、学术、政治等宽领域、多层次的交流合作,同时,两岸媒体的报道也从过去的特殊化“宣传”逐渐发展到以“新闻专业”为原则的常态化交往。这正是两岸人民交往与新闻交流实现互动的显现。     

Expert knowledge elicitation using item response theory

In an expert knowledge elicitation exercise, experts face a carefully constructed list of questions that they answer according to their knowledge. The elicitation process concludes when a probability distribution is found that adequately captures the experts' beliefs in the light of those answers. In many situations, it is very difficult to create a set of questions that will efficiently capture the experts' knowledge, since experts might not be able to make precise probabilistic statements about the parameter of interest. We present an approach for capturing expert knowledge based on item response theory, in which a set of binary response questions is proposed to the expert, trying to capture responses directly related to the quantity of interest. As a result, the posterior distribution of the parameter of interest will represent the elicited prior distribution that does not assume any particular parametric form. The method is illustrated by a simulated example and by an application involving the elicitation of rain prophets' predictions for the rainy season in the north-east of Brazil.     

Identification of quantitative trait loci for canine hip dysplasia by two sequential multipoint linkage analyses

Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is characterized by hip laxity and subluxation that can lead to hip osteoarthritis. Studies have shown the involvement of multiple genetic regions in the expression of CHD. Although we have associated some variants in the region of fibrillin 2 with CHD in a subset of dogs, no major disease-associated gene has been identified. The focus of this study is to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with CHD. Two sequential multipoint linkage analyses based on a reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo approach were applied on a cross-breed pedigree of 366 dogs. Hip radiographic trait (Norberg Angle, NA) on both hips of each dog was tested for linkage to 21,455 single nucleotide polymorphisms across 39 chromosomes. Putative QTL for the NA was found on 11 chromosomes (1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 19, 21, 32, 36, and 39). Identification of genes in the QTL region(s) can assist in identification of the aberrant genes and biochemical pathways involving hip dysplasia in both dogs and humans.     

Mapping quantitative trait loci using both extremely discordant and concordant sib pairs: a unified approach for meta-analysis

Extremely discordant (ED) and concordant (EC) sib pairs are recommended by Risch and Zhang ( 1995, 1996 ) and Zhang and Risch ( 1996 ) for the detection of linkage on the basis of power analysis. They did not, however, include both discordant and concordant sib pairs simultaneously in the test statistic. We construct a new test statistic including both types of sib pairs. The size of the sample needed to identify the sib pairs and parents, who will be genotyped, is reduced substantially by including a hybrid of discordant and concordant sib pairs in the analysis. This mixed design also provides a common parameter that simplifies meta-analysis of sib pair linkage studies.     

“感情的批评”与“理智的硬性” ——李长之文学批评论

作为现代著名的文学批评家,李长之的文学批评理论与实践,是一笔丰厚的遗产。他极力张扬批评精神,追求批评的独立品格,其批评理论具有强烈的整体意识,充溢着现代气息。而感情的批评、理智的硬性、比较的批评,是他文学批评的突出特点。这使他的文学批评既具有浓烈的情感,又有着理性的自觉,既有印象鉴赏,又有分析判断,呈现出十分独特的风貌。     

云南民族剪纸的艺术造型和美学特点

云南民族剪纸是流行于云南各民族民间的手工艺品及美术品。这类艺术作品反映了云南民族的生活情趣、宗教理念、思想情感,通过这种艺术形式寄寓对美好未来的憧憬。云南民族剪纸实质就是云南的民间剪纸,它如同中国其他地区的民间剪纸一样具有民俗性、实用性以及变异性的艺术特征。     

中国古代文论“溯源”品质及其成因分析

中国古代文论在它的整个发展中，往往表现出溯源到原点的特性。这是其理论个性的表现，历史回转的学术视野、独具个性的理论溯源、当下性的批评实践。但其理论释义的反复性、术语互释的含混性及其复古倾向，使其存在创新乏力的缺陷。文章希望通过对这种现象的具体剖析，有助于形成当代文论面向未来的创新意识。