门与墙:一种合作的而非分离的文化转型人类学

人类学需要走出一种围墙的界限,需要不同学科门类之间的知识交流与合作。知识相互间的分离,也可以说是一种之前文化分离观念的自然养成,由此而要去反思曾经社区的、区域的以及模式的文化研究之缺陷和不足。人的精神是相通的,观念之间不会因为围墙和大门关闭而不发生沟通。人类学未来的希望则在于一种跨出边界的合作人类学的成长。     

Social movement schools: sites for consciousness transformation,training, and prefigurative social development

ABSTRACT

We develop the concept of “social movement school’ (SMS), showing how these organizational spaces are deliberately designed for purposes of educating, mentoring, training, and coordinating individuals as effective, committed movement agents. SMSs can also be important sites of prefigurative design and practice for future societal development consistent with movement goals. We motivate the theoretical significance of SMSs based on five perspectives in social movement scholarship: (1) resource mobilization; (2) cultural approaches to repertoires of contention; (3) cognitive perspective; (4) micro-mobilization; and (5) biographical consequences of participation. We then offer a typology to capture primary purposes, and spatial reach within the broad field of SMSs. Within-movement variation is illustrated by focusing on a variety of SMSs in the U.S. civil rights movement; and the cross-movement breadth of the concept is illustrated by highlighting contemporary SMS forms drawn from three very different movements–labor, radical feminism, and mindfulness meditation movements. In the interest of launching a research agenda on SMSs, we end with several key questions that could serve to guide future research. Important theoretical, empirical, and practical considerations suggest that SMSs deserve the attention of scholars and activists alike.     

Estimation of Several Intraclass Correlation Coefficients

An intraclass correlation coefficient observed in several populations is estimated. The basis is a variance-stabilizing transformation. It is shown that the intraclass correlation coefficient from any elliptical distribution should be transformed in the same way. Four estimators are compared. An estimator where the components in a vector consisting of the transformed intraclass correlation coefficients are estimated separately, an estimator based on a weighted average of these components, a pretest estimator where the equality of the components is tested and then the outcome of the test is used in the estimation procedure, and a James-Stein estimator which shrinks toward the mean.     

Regression models with ordered multiple categorical predictors

Ordered multiple categorical (MC) variable has been widely considered and studied as response variable, and few studies have carefully considered it as a predictor in linear regression. When doing this, the existence of some pseudo-categories may result in overfitting, and to detect those pseudo-categories by hypothesis test of all dummy variables might have low specificity. In this paper, we propose a transformation method of dummy variables for such ordered MC predictors, after which a model selection method combined with BIC will be elaborated. Theoretical consistency of our model selection method is established under some common assumptions. Both simulation studies and real data analysis of a medical survey indicate that our method provides good performance and is applicable to a wide range of biomedical research.     

A Comparison of Methods for Estimating the Benchmark Dose Based on Overdispersed Data from Developmental Toxicity Studies

Developmental anomalies resulting from prenatal toxicity can be manifested in terms of both malformations among surviving offspring and prenatal death. Although these two endpoints have traditionally been analyzed separately in the assessment of risk, multivariate methods of risk characterization have recently been proposed. We examined this and other issues in developmental toxicity risk assessment by evaluating the accuracy and precision of estimates of the effective dose ( ED ₀₅) and the benchmark dose ( BMD ₀₅) using computer simulation. Our results indicated that different variance structures (Dirichlet-trinomial and generalized linear model) used to characterize overdispersion yielded comparable results when fitting joint dose response models based on generalized estimating equations. (The choice of variance structure in separate modeling was also not critical.) However, using the Rao-Scott transformation to eliminate overdispersion tended to produce estimates of the ED ₀₅ with reduced bias and mean squared error. Because joint modeling ensures that the ED ₀₅ for overall toxicity (based on both malformations and prenatal death) is always less than the ED ₀₅ for either malformations or prenatal death, joint modeling is preferred to separate modeling for risk assessment purposes.     

资源枯竭型城市产业转型路径选择——以安徽省淮北市为例

资源枯竭型城市转型问题是世界各国经济和社会发展中都经历过或正在经历的突出问题,而产业转型则是重中之重。通过对安徽省淮北市的调研发现,其产业转型发展中还存在着产业结构不优、民营经济实力不强等问题,这些因素极大地制约了淮北的产业转型。因此,淮北市需要进一步优化产业结构,推进技术创新升级,培育壮大民营经济,通过一系列举措来助推淮北市的产业转型。     

环境规制约束下的雾霾脱钩效应——基于重污染产业转移视角的解释

分析环境规制约束下重污染产业转移对中国实现工业发展与雾霾污染脱钩的影响效应;探究环境规制约束下重污染产业转移对本地工业发展与雾霾污染脱钩的影响;根据重污染产业向外迁移的特点,提出"寻找污染天堂"式转移和空间邻近式转移两种模式,并分别验证重污染产业以上述两种模式进行转移时,对周边地区工业发展与雾霾污染脱钩的空间效应。结果表明:（1）重污染产业向外迁移显著促进了本地区工业发展与雾霾污染脱钩,且环境规制强度提高有助于增强重污染产业向外迁移的雾霾脱钩效应;（2）高环境规制地区重污染产业外迁对低环境规制地区雾霾脱钩影响不显著,但如果两地区环境规制强度差距拉大将导致高环境规制强度地区重污染产业外迁对低环境规制地区雾霾脱钩强度的负面影响;（3）重污染产业遵循空间邻近转移模式,由于雾霾污染具有强空间扩散性,导致周边地区重污染产业集聚或外迁均对本地区雾霾污染脱钩产生影响,但如果本地区提高环境规制强度,则会敦促周边地区重污染产业外迁至更远地区,降低周边地区重污染产业向外迁移对本地区雾霾脱钩强度的负面影响。     

论职务科技成果转化利益分配的约定优先原则

利益驱动是职务科技成果有效转化的关键因素之一,合理的利益分配需尊重当事人的意思自治,遵循约定优先原则。约定优先原则有利于厘清复杂的利益关系、符合私法意思自治的法理、能克服法律规定之不足。约定有效是约定优先原则适用的前提,对其效力判断主要依据合同法和劳动法的相关规定。职务科技成果转化利益分配的约定不受制于法定最低标准（除非为强制性标准);利益分配约定的合理性审查,应以形式审查为主。同时,基于雇佣双方地位不平等,应对约定优先原则加以限制,以平衡各方主体的利益诉求,促进职务科技成果转化。     

传统小吃企业“互联网+”转型实践研究——符号资本在转型过程中的作用分析

“互联网+”时代,传统小吃行业蕴藏着巨大的市场潜力。如何解决传统小吃行业暴露的问题,充分利用行业和互联网的优势,是传统小吃企业“互联网+”转型实践中需要面对的核心问题。文章基于布迪厄的资本理论,以广西某著名的传统小吃品牌为研究对象,通过分析传统小吃企业“互联网+”转型过程中经济资本、社会资本、文化资本向符号资本的转换过程与作用机制,提出转型的具体实践路径。从符号资本视角研究“互联网+”转型,是对传统信息技术升级视角的有益补充,不但拓展了现有研究的理论视野,也有助于带动传统行业实现全面转型升级。