Revisiting the Dartmouth Court Decision: Why the US has Private Nonprofit Agencies Instead of Public Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

In 1819, the US Supreme Court ruled in Dartmouth v. Woodward that Dartmouth College, even though originally chartered by government, was legally akin to a private corporation. This landmark decision was the founding legal document of what has become the American private nonprofit sector. While the decision has attained hagiographic status, this paper explores what the US nonprofit sector would look like if the Supreme Court had ruled the other way. Using alternate history and scenario writing as research methodologies, it highlights the invisible losses due to the decision and depicts what a public nonprofit sector would have looked like.

Not Necessarily Solidarity

Since the idea of “women's rights as human rights” emerged, there has been a wave of international donors, organizations and transnational feminist activists successfully delivering pressure and resources in the struggle to mitigate violence against women worldwide. Through these transnational networks, decisions regarding which local problems to address and how to manage them are often made at the international level. Most scholarship has rightly celebrated the advances for women's rights that have been made possible due to the impact of international organizations and transnational advocacy networks. However, there are many dilemmas that arise from this North-centric approach to assigning and managing priorities – especially among development aid organizations. Coordination with international donors is often necessary and has been a major source of advances. However, there are still some potentially harmful impacts of having to engage in these networks in order to address violence against women – including a disproportionate focus on short-term results while neglecting long-term goals. This article articulates these dilemmas and explains how international feminist human rights norms can be more successfully translated into a stronger sense of solidarity across borders and more sustainable advances for women. Examples are drawn from the Central American countries of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua.     

跨国公司研发本土化过程中的知识溢出路径分析

为提高我国企业自主创新能力,各地政府将吸引外资的重点放在吸引跨国公司的研发本土化上。本研究从知识的特点出发,在国内外有关知识溢出效应研究的文献综述的基础上,构建了跨国公司研发本土化过程中的知识溢出路径,并对其机理进行了阐述,试图为我国企业有效利用跨国公司研发本土化过程中的知识溢出效应来提高自主创新能力提供理论指导。     

跨国公司在华投资的变化趋势及原因分析

近年来,跨国公司在我国的投资势头强劲,且表现出了新的特征。本文通过对2005年到2010年在华跨国公司投资状况数据的统计分析,对跨国公司在华投资规模、投资母国分布、在我国的地域选择、行业选择及投资方式5个方面进行了研究,得出了近5年跨国公司在华投资的变化趋势。本文的研究结果表明,引起这些变化的主要原因分别是中西部地区的成本优势、产业结构转型和亚非拉对外投资的高速增长。     

文化差异对跨国旅游的影响

跨国旅游是一种社会文化活动,对于人类文化传播有着积极作用。然而,由于文化背景和风俗习惯不同,旅游主、客地人们在交往过程中容易产生冲突和误解,进而影响到旅游活动的顺利进行。因此,跨国旅游主客双方要具备跨文化意识和包容的心态,有关部门也应加强对出境游领队人员的在岗培训,并对出境旅游者做好行前说明。     

中国企业跨国经营的策略探讨

从党的十六大提出的全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标出发 ,以我国跨国经营企业的现状为切入点来探讨中国企业跨国经营的策略     

跨国公司投资新动向下的中国外资法应变

随着经济全球化和一体化进程的不断加快,跨国公司作为对外直接投资的主体和经济一体化的载体,推动了全球外国直接投资的蓬勃发展。中国作为一个发展中的大国,一直受外国直接投资所青睐,在新一轮的投资热潮涌动之际,大型跨国公司对华投资呈现出新的特点,尤其是投资方式的变化,直接影响到我国外资法规制重点的改变,本文兹针对新形势下的立法对策提出一点拙见。     

依靠跨国公司促进东北亚经济发展的路径选择

跨国公司拉动了经济全球化的进程,东北亚经济作为世界经济的重要组成部分,必然与跨国公司对接与配合。鉴于此,依靠跨国公司力量促进东北亚经济发展的路径为:依靠其雄厚资本激活并发展东北亚的资本市场,尽快实现东北亚发展中国家的金融货币体系与国际金融市场接轨;依靠其科技实力加快东北亚经济技术创新,用先进技术改造传统产业,在学习借鉴中发展高新技术领域,建立科技创新机制;依靠其先进人才管理机制提高劳动者素质,搞好人才深度开发;依靠其产业结构优势推动和优化东北亚经济的产业结构、产品结构、区域经济结构的调整。同时,依靠其经营力量带动和促进东北亚经济向外拓展。     

中国中小企业跨国经营分析与策略研究

随着经济全球化的不断深入、国际分工的日益加深,作为中国经济发展重要支撑力量之一的中小企业有了更多从事跨国经营的机会,但随之而来的经营风险也不容忽视。面对新的环境,中小企业如何在更大范围更深层次的国际竞争中,充分利用国内外资源,扩大海内外市场,提高自身整体实力已成为亟待解决的问题。在市场经济条件下,政府和中小企业本身都必须为此做出努力,制定正确、高效的跨国经营策略,共同为中国中小企业走向世界,实施跨国经营营造良好条件。     

企业海外扩张与股票崩盘风险——基于审计质量和企业创新渠道的实证分析

以股票崩盘风险作为衡量中国资本市场稳定性的关键指标，选取2000-2022年沪深A股上市公司为研究样本，探究企业海外扩张与股票崩盘风险之间的作用机理。研究结果表明：海外扩张能够显著降低企业的股票崩盘风险；企业海外扩张能够通过有效提高审计质量的外部渠道和提高企业创新绩效的内部渠道降低股价崩盘风险；海外扩张对股票崩盘风险的抑制作用在制造业、房地产业和科学研究与技术服务业等行业以及大市值、信息不对称程度低和外部关注度低的企业中更为显著。