硫酸镁对创伤性脑损伤大鼠血清NSE含量的影响

目的探讨硫酸镁对创伤性脑损伤大鼠血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶（neuron specific enolase,NSE）水平的影响。方法选用健康Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠,随机分为假损伤组、单纯脑损伤组、损伤给药组。然后制备自由落体脑损伤模型,损伤给药组大鼠在致伤后5分钟予25%硫酸镁（MgSO4）140mg/kg,腹腔注射,损伤24小时后分别测定脑组织含水量、放射免疫分析法测定大鼠血清NSE水平。结果与假损伤组比较,脑损伤24小时大鼠脑组织含水量明显增高（P〈0.01）,血清NSE水平升高（P〈0.05）。与单纯脑损伤组比较,损伤给药组可降低脑组织含水量（P〈0.05）,降低血清NSE水平（P〈0.05）。结论 MgSO4可以改善大鼠急性脑损伤后的脑水肿,降低血清NSE水平,改善创伤性脑损伤后继发性脑损害,具有神经保护作用。     

违约精神损害赔偿刍议

通过对最高人民法院《关于确定民事侵权精神损害赔偿责任若干问题的解释》中违反合同不得请求精神损害赔偿的规定的研究以及对当今各国违约精神损害赔偿立法的考察,论证了违约精神损害赔偿的必要性与可能性,并对我国违约精神损害赔偿制度的设计提出了初步设想。     

浅议精神损害赔偿举证责任制度的完善

作者分析了精神损害赔偿举证责任问题的现状,认为精神损害赔偿案件的受害者在事实上存在着举证困难的问题,如果局限于传统的民事诉讼举证责任原则,作为受害方可能无法进行有效的举证。因此,应当对精神损害赔偿举证责任问题作出特别规定,以切实维护受害者的合法权益。为了提高我国精神损害赔偿制度中的司法裁判的统一性,有效的保障当事人的合法权益,在精神损害赔偿案件中,应该从三个方面完善我国精神损害赔偿的举证责任制度:首先,慎重对待精神损害赔偿案件中的事实推定;其次,细化精神损害赔偿案件中的举证责任;第三,确立精神损害标准化的制度。     

人生之路——与大学生谈心

学生时代是人生旅途极为重要的关键的年代。人生道路怎么走,一个人怎样把握自己,怎样实现自己的理想,一个人如何设计自己,塑造自己,发展自己?这些问题是每位同学都十分关心,同时也是必须回答和实践的问题。下面从五个方面谈谈自己的人生体验。一、人生在于奋斗一个人来到这个世界,第一声就是啼哭,这也昭示着人的整个一生要与困苦相伴。幸福不会从天降,成功也不可能坐在家里等来。大家从小学读到大学,不勤奋刻苦学习,学习成绩会好吗?不可能。不勤奋刻苦学习,今后能为社会作出贡献吗?不可能。我认为,一个人的一生能否事业有成,20岁前后打基础,…     

学校体育伤害事故的类型及责任认定探析

学校体育伤害事故关系学校、教工、学生和家长等多方主体利益,更关系国家体育教育事业的发展。根据发生原因的不同,学校体育伤害事故可以分为因物的原因、因人的原因和因意外原因导致的三种不同类型的学校体育伤害事故。学前教育、初等教育、中等教育、高等教育等不同受教育阶段学生的行为能力存在明显差异:学前教育阶段学生属无民事行为能力人;初等教育阶段学生以无民事行为能力为一般,以限制民事行为能力为特殊;中等教育阶段学生属限制民事行为能力人;高等教育阶段学生为完全民事行为能力人。结合我国现有法律法规,不同受教育阶段中,不同类型的学校体育伤害事故,各方主体(学校、教师、家长、学生等)的法律责任分配是不同的。法律责任的清晰界定不仅有助于解决此类纠纷,而且有利于构建一个权责明确的社会,促进学生身心健康成长,发展体育运动事业。     

Non‐accidental injury and bone fragility disorders: the need for a multidisciplinary perspective

A case is presented of a child who was initially diagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta following a skull fracture. However, she later presented with multiple fractures and soft tissue injuries which were considered to be due to non‐accidental injury. It can be perplexing distinguishing accidental and non‐accidental injury in children where a bone fragility disorder has been suspected. A combination of a careful review of the history, a thorough examination and expert review of the radiology is imperative. DNA testing can be helpful. Multidisciplinary case review, taking into account the social history and any concerns professionals have about the family, is invaluable in informing a difficult diagnosis. In this context, there is a definite role for other agencies in challenging the diagnosis or exclusion of non‐accidental injury. Professionals should be willing to challenge the exclusion of non‐accidental injury when such exclusion is not evidence based. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The family caregiving context among adults with disabilities: A review of the research on developmental disabilities,serious mental illness,and traumatic brain injury

ABSTRACT

A majority of adults with serious disabilities are cared for in the home by family members. Guided by an ecological framework, this article presents the findings of a literature review of research on family caregiving and family support for adults with disabilities. This review included 33 research studies published between 2000 and 2015 focused on three disabilities: Developmental disabilities, serious mental illnesses, and traumatic brain injury. A synthesis of the findings underscores the critical role that family caregivers occupy in addressing the needs of their loved one with a disability; however, the needs of the caregiver are insufficiently met by existing service approaches. A better understanding of the unique needs and strengths of the family support context of caregivers and care recipients is needed, giving greater attention to ethnic, racial, and cultural considerations in future research.     

Fighting with Oneself to Maintain the Interaction Order: A Sociological Approach to Self‐Injury Daily Process

This article proposes an interactionist approach to self‐injury behavior in youth. Mostly based on in‐depth interviews with seventy people who self‐harm or who have self‐harmed at some point in their lives, it describes the process of daily self‐injuring. It shows that this practice consists less in the self‐harm in itself than in a liminal emotional state, composed of several successive steps, and that self‐injury makes sense because concerned individuals subjectively see it as the most practical of known activities for releasing emotional troubles, then maintaining the interaction order surrounding them.     

Editorial

Undergoing a traumatic experience can be a life-changing event, having a significant impact on individuals, families, communities, workplaces and societies. Traumatology is therefore a complex field of study demanding a sophisticated level of understanding to serve as a theory base. This article explores the potential for existentialist philosophy to make an important contribution to our understanding of trauma and its effects. It presents trauma as an existential injury and explores the psychosocial basis of traumatic experience — that is, conceptualising trauma as having both psychological and sociological dimensions, the combination of which has profound existential resonances. While the theoretical ideas discussed can be applied to trauma at any stage in the life course, this paper focuses in particular on childhood trauma. Consequently, child abuse is used as an example of how trauma can have a significant (and detrimental) effect on identity development, invoking a need for a commitment to trauma recovery.     

Spinal Cord Injury

ABSTRACT

This article provides an overview of spinal cord injury (SCI) that is useful and informative for social workers and other health care professionals who work with this population. Social workers new to the specialty of spinal cord injury must expand their knowledge base of this chronic injury. Social workers contribute to the rehabilitation process through assessment, education, and discharge planning. This article also may be used to inform persons with spinal cord injury and their families and to encourage them to engage in dialogue about SCI in the earliest stages of treatment and rehabilitation.