口语诗学:声音和语言的符号关联——关于符号学和文学人类学的研究论纲

长期以来,由于文字崇拜、文本中心和文人心态的影响,固有的“诗学”理论实际上局限于文本范围,堪称“文本诗学”。如今面对文本中心的消解,人们开始重新关注口传文化的存在及其原创意义。在这样的背景下,开展对“口语诗学”的研究无疑将有助于诗学理论的深化和拓展。     

身份认同与喜剧小品中的言语幽默——以小品《追星族》为例

语言是塑造戏剧形象的要素,身份认同的构建对话语表现有着很大的影响,个人必须要承担身份本身要满足的要求和社会对这一身份的期望,在剧作家及其演员有意识的策略选择下,表现出来的话语与与身份认同的紧密契合会产生强烈的幽默效果。在基于话语分析的关于身份认同与话语表现关系的理论框架下,探究言语幽默在喜剧小品中的生成与理解,既有助于揭示当代文化思潮和特定的社会审美情趣,也有助于喜剧小品的创作实践,反映当代人所推崇的话语风格。     

论我国刑事诉讼中“非法证据”的界定标准

在刑事非法证据排除规则的具体运用中,非法证据的界定是当然前提。非法证据并非是任一证据合法性要件欠缺的广义非法证据,而专指取证主体通过严重非法的手段或者侵犯公民基本权利的方式所获取的证据材料。我国刑事非法证据包括非法言词证据和非法实物证据两类,两类非法证据在实际判断中虽存在差异,但都应围绕取证手段的非法性展开,分别考察取证手段是否违反法律规定以及违法的严重程度,以准确界定刑事非法证据的范围。     

基于效应决策模式的认知言语交际分析

言语交际的过程涉及语言、心理、认知、文化等复杂因素。早期的研究主要从言语交际的原则和意义角度入手,注重言语交际的跨文化性;近年来研究者将认知规律、社会学、人类学及心理学等学科引入言语交际的研究,但侧重于言语理解的心理机制,对于言语交际过程的本质及有效减少交际失败的方式鲜有涉及。基于理想认知模式理论,将经济学中最大效应理论引入言语交际研究,是分析言语交际的本质及影响言语交际因素和实际交际博弈时决策模式应用的一个全新尝试。     

言语交际中的外部差异因素及其语用策略

汉语言语交际中的语用外部差异因素,主要是指交际双方使用语的文化程度差异、习俗差异、音义差异以及说话人社会地位的不同、年龄差异和信仰方面的差异。针对导致语用外部差异的因素制定语用对策,应遵循以下几大规则：顺应语境避免差异;理解并消解语用差异;尊重对方思维的合理性等。     

诗意的批判--论萧红小说的反讽叙事

反讽叙事在萧红的小说中是进行国民性批判的主要叙事策略,这种对反讽的自觉运用使作者以一种更具审美性的方式含蓄而诗意地表现国民性批判的意图,同时也是萧红小说语言诗化特点形成的原因之一。反讽机制的运用使萧红的小说叙事实现了对现实世界和人性世界的深层揭示和哲学反思。     

Is a Reasonable Attempt Reasonable? Shaping Versus Reinforcing Verbal Attempts of Preschoolers with Autism

The effectiveness of a language-training procedure that emphasized reinforcing vocal “reasonable attempts” (any response directed at an interventionist and within a broader class of correct responses) was compared with a procedure that emphasized shaping (reinforcing successive approximations that more closely resembled the target vocalization). Three preschoolers who had been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders participated in the study. Data indicated that the children mastered vocal skills more rapidly when they learned through shaping than in the reasonable attempts condition. Implications for teaching children with autism spectrum disorders are discussed.     

The “Silent Dog” Method: Analyzing the Impact of Self-Generated Rules When Teaching Different Computer Chains to Boys with Autism

The purpose of the study was to extend the literature on verbal self-regulation by using the “silent dog” method to evaluate the role of verbal regulation over nonverbal behavior in 2 individuals with autism. Participants were required to talk-aloud while performing functional computer tasks.Then the effects of distracters with increasing demands on target behavior were evaluated as well as whether self-talk emitted by Participant 1 could be used to alter Participant 2''s performance. Results suggest that participants'' tasks seemed to be under control of self-instructions, and the rules generated from Participants 1''s self-talk were effective in teaching computer skills to Participant 2. The silent dog method was useful in evaluating the possible role of self-generated rules in teaching computer skills to participants with autism.     

基于语料库的英语写作教学刍议

在大学英语写作教学中运用语料库技术,能够促使学生在学习过程中加深对语言的理解和运用,并积极主动地参与学习过程,是学生获取语言知识、提高写作能力的有效途径。     

Increasing Vocal Variability in Children with Autism Using a Lag Schedule of Reinforcement

Variability has been demonstrated to be an operant dimension of behavior (Neuringer, 2002; Page & Neuringer, 1985). Recently, lag schedules have been used to demonstrate operant variability of verbal behavior in persons with a diagnosis of autism (e.g., Lee, McComas, & Jawor, 2002). The current study evaluated the effects of a Lag 1 schedule on the vocal variability of 2 nonverbal children with a diagnosis of autism. Results showed systematic increases in variability during the Lag 1 schedule. Implications of lag schedules for speech and language training are discussed.