Elderly Korean immigrants' socially and culturally constructed definitions of elder neglect

Little research has been conducted among the elderly on the topic of neglect. Not only is there a paucity of research, but also there is the problem of widely varying definitions of neglect. These two challenges led to a study of how neglect is understood by elderly Korean immigrants as it pertains to behaviors of adult children and family members. Interviews with 124 elderly Korean immigrants were conducted to assess conceptualizations of elder neglect. Data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Results revealed five interrelated themes with strong connections to dimensions of health and mental health: (a) culture-specific definitions of elder neglect, (b) contexts in which elder neglect occurs, (c) impact of neglect on elders, (d) expectations from adult children, and (e) strategies for dealing with elder neglect. Implications for culturally competent, family-centered service delivery to elderly Korean immigrants are discussed, specifically focusing on service provision of health and mental health care.     

认知心理背景语境和红楼言语研究

认知心理语境对于动态言语交际有着重要意义。借助红楼言语例证的分析认知心理语境因素,揭示个人认知心理语境和社会认知心理语境对红楼言语产生的影响及其与言语得体之间不同寻常的关系。在动态言语交际中,既要关注交际对象的认知心理,又要兼顾社会认知心理的语境,努力做到言语得体,顺利达成交际目的。     

浅谈离合词带补语的特点及其应用

离合词是现代汉语中比较特殊的一类语法成分 ,它们的功能相当于一个复合动词 ,由于它们的构成成分之间结合的不是很紧密 ,中间可以加进一些成分 ,语法界称这类动词为离合词。本文通过分析得出的结论是由于离合词已经词化 ,所以说补语总是对离合词中的动词性语素变成的词作补充说明 ,由名词性语素变化而来的名词是不能带补语的     

禁忌·禁忌语·委婉语

禁忌孕育了语言的灵物崇拜并催生了禁忌语。禁忌语是禁忌观念的反映 ,是社会文化的镜像 ,是社会禁忌的一个重要方面。传统的委婉语只不过是在对词汇禁忌的精雕细琢过程中形成的一种替代形式 ,而新生代的委婉语却是在人们禁忌观念的嬗变中涌现出的礼貌用语或者“化妆词语”。     

A Comparison of Stimulus-Stimulus Pairing,Standard Echoic Training,and Control Procedures on the Vocal Behavior of Children With Autism

An alternating treatments design was employed to compare the effect of stimulus-stimulus pairing, standard echoic training, and a control condition on the vocal behavior of 3 preschoolers with autism. Data were recorded during pre- and postsession observations. During the stimulus-stimulus pairing condition, the experimenter''s vocal model was paired with the delivery of a preferred item. During the standard echoic training condition, the experimenter presented a vocal model and delivered a preferred item contingent on an echoic response. During the control condition, the experimenter presented a vocal model and, after a 10-s delay, presented a preferred edible item. Results from the post-session observations during the stimulus-stimulus pairing condition showed an immediate but temporary increase in the target sound for 1 participant only. Implications and suggestions for future research are provided.     

暗指伪装论对言语反讽的阐释

以英国作家奥斯汀的小说《傲慢与偏见》为文本，从Kumon-Nakamura等学者的暗指伪装论（allusional pretense theory）所提出的“暗指”和“语用非真诚性”两大语用特征的角度重新考察反讽的识别过程。认为“暗指伪装论”相对于传统的语用模型和“回应论”更富有优越性，即更少依赖于反讽的真值条件，有助于鉴别说话人的话语意图和讽刺对象，为反讽识别难易度差异提供了合理的解释，舍弃了传统的反讽与非反讽二分法，涵盖了不同程度的反讽等。     

The Role of Modeling and Automatic Reinforcement in the Construction of the Passive Voice

Language acquisition has been a contentious topic among linguists, psycholinguists, and behaviorists for decades. Although numerous theories of language acquisition have surfaced, none have sufficiently accounted for the subtleties of the language that children acquire. The present study attempts to explain the role of modeling and automatic reinforcement in the acquisition of the passive voice. Six children, ages 3 to 5, participated in this study. The results indicated that the children began using the passive voice only after the experimenter modeled passive sentences. Furthermore, the usage of the passive voice increased with repeated exposure to the experimenter''s verbal behavior. Given that the children were not explicitly reinforced, it is proposed that their behavior was automatically reinforced for using the passive voice.     

Antecedents and Consequences of Words

As instances of behavior, words interact with environments. But they also interact with each other and with other kinds of behavior. Because of the interlocking nature of the contingencies into which words enter, their behavioral properties may become increasingly removed from nonverbal contingencies, and their relationship to those contingencies may become distorted by the social contingencies that maintain verbal behavior. Verbal behavior is an exceedingly efficient way in which one organism can change the behavior of another. All other functions of verbal behavior derive from this most basic function, sometimes called verbal governance. Functional verbal antecedents in verbal governance may be extended across time and space when individuals replicate the verbal behavior of others or their own verbal behavior. Differential contact with different verbal antecedents may follow from differential attention to verbal stimuli correlated with consequential events. Once in place, verbal behavior can be shaped by (usually social) consequences. Because these four verbal processes (verbal governance, replication, differential attention, and verbal shaping) share common stimulus and response terms, they produce interlocking contingencies in which extensive classes of behavior come to be dominated by verbal antecedents. Very different consequences follow from verbal behavior depending on whether it is anchored to environmental events, as in scientific verbal practices, or becomes independent of it, as in religious fundamentalism.     

Joint Control for Dummies: An Elaboration of Lowenkron’s Model of Joint (Stimulus) Control

The following paper describes Lowenkron''s model of joint (stimulus) control. Joint control is described as a means of accounting for performances, especially generalized performances, for which a history of contingency control does not provide an adequate account. Examples are provided to illustrate instances in which joint control may facilitate performance of a task.     

论英语的“内部被动句”和“外部被动句”

文章提出“内部被动句”和“外部被动句”概念并从四个方面进行论述。被动句的历史溯源;“V NP Prep”动词习语的结构分析;“内部被动句”和“外部被动句”转换的特点;被动转换的语义限制。最后强调“内部被动句”和“外部被动句”是英语被动转换中比较独特的现象,应谨慎使用。