论英语的“内部被动句”和“外部被动句”

文章提出“内部被动句”和“外部被动句”概念并从四个方面进行论述。被动句的历史溯源;“V NP Prep”动词习语的结构分析;“内部被动句”和“外部被动句”转换的特点;被动转换的语义限制。最后强调“内部被动句”和“外部被动句”是英语被动转换中比较独特的现象,应谨慎使用。     

《诗经》与《左传》意动用法之比较

本文主要从主观意念的表达法、意动用法及其特点三个方面进行比较 ,阐明《诗经》与《左传》在这方面的同异 ,并说明意动用法在较早的史料中并不多见。     

外语教学中传授非语言交际的探讨

非语言交际是一种重要的交际方式。外语教学的目的是培养学生的跨文化交际能力。在培养学生语言交际能力的同时,还应着力培养其非语言交际能力。     

动词屈折形态表征与加工研究——以联结主义和双机制为视角

动词屈折形态的表征与加工已经成为关于语言加工性质争论的焦点。联结主义认为使用单一机制的神经网络系统足以解释规则和不规则语素变体;双机制则认为需要规则系统和联想记忆两个不同的机制对此进行解释。近年来,联结主义和双机制对动词屈折形态的表征与加工进行了大量的理论研究,提出了各自的模型,并用相关的实证研究对各自理论进行了验证。     

A Behavioral Conceptualization of Aphasia

Aphasia is an acquired language impairment that affects over 1 million individuals, the majority of whom are over age 65 (Groher, 1989). This disorder has typically been conceptualized within a cognitive neuroscience framework, but a behavioral interpretation of aphasia is also possible. Skinner''s (1957) analysis of verbal behavior proposes a framework of verbal operants that can be integrated with the work of Sidman (1971) and Haughton (1980) to describe the language difficulties individuals with aphasia experience. Using this synthesis of models, we propose a new taxonomy of aphasia based on the observed deficit relations. Assessment and treatment implications are also discussed.     

The Role of Joint Attention in Later Development Among Preterm Children: Linkages Between Early and Middle Childhood

Joint attention is a hallmark of human cognition. It refers to the capacity to coordinate attention to objects and events with attention to other people. Infants display considerable individual differences in this capacity. This longitudinal study of 13‐month‐old preterms was conducted to examine the hypothesis that two different types of joint‐attention skills assessed in an infant–tester paradigm are related to verbal and nonverbal IQ measures through middle childhood. Data are reported separately for the children's tendency to initiate such skills and to respond to an experimenter's offers to share in such behaviours. The results provide support for the hypothesis that the initiation of joint attention makes a unique contribution to later nonverbal IQ apart from variance associated with biomedical risk status and infant development. The results of this study have implications for the conceptualisation of joint‐attention skills, as well as for understanding the relation between joint attention and later cognition.     

学术论文中动词性据素使用情况的英汉对比研究

文章对英汉学术论文中动词性据素的使用情况进行对比研究,语料来自英汉语言学核心期刊各40篇。研究结果表明,英汉学术论文动词性据素呈显著差异：（1）英语学术论文中动词性据素的语言形式数量和总使用频率都高于汉语学术论文;（2）英语学术论文作者使用最多的是“论证”类动词性据素,使用最少的是“思考”类,而“思考”类动词性据素却是汉语学术论文中出现频率最高的;（3）汉语学术论文作者对信息来源和可靠性所承担的责任大于英语学术论文作者。进一步分析表明,导致两种语言学术论文中动词性据素使用情况不同的原因主要是中西文化和思维方式的差异。     

Impact Evaluation of a Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy Model in Brazilian Sexually Abused Girls

This study evaluated the impact of a cognitive behavioral group therapy model in Brazilian girls who had experienced sexual abuse. The effect of the waiting period before treatment and the enduring effectiveness of the treatment after six and 12 months were also evaluated. Forty-nine female sexual abuse victims between the ages of 9 and 16 completed instruments measuring depression, anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder before, during, and after the group therapy. The group therapy had a positive impact on their psychological functioning, significantly reducing symptoms of anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The therapeutic effects lasted six to 12 months after the treatment ended. The model proved effective for treating young female victims of sexual abuse.     

Effects of a Differential Observing Response on Intraverbal Performance of Preschool Children: A Preliminary Investigation

Axe (2008) speculated that some instances of intraverbal responding might be associated with limited or delayed acquisition because they require discrimination of multiple components of verbal stimuli. Past studies suggest that acquisition of responses under control of complex, multicomponent antecedent stimuli (e.g., conditional or compound stimulus control) can be facilitated with the introduction of a differential observing response (DOR; Dube & McIlvane, 1999; Gutowski, Geren, Stromer, & Mackay, 1995). The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of a DOR (i.e., repeating the question) on intraverbal responding with six neurotypical preschool children. Findings included that (a) accuracy of intraverbal performance increased when the experimenter prompted a DOR; (b) 1 of 6 participants overtly emitted the DOR for a second relation in the absence of prompts, which was correlated with increased accuracy; and (c) following mastery, response accuracy was variable for 3 participants. Based on these findings, prompted DORs may offer an effective, if temporary, aid to intraverbal instruction for neurotypical preschool children.     

The Importance of Form in Skinner’s Analysis of Verbal Behavior and a Further Step

A series of quotes from B. F. Skinner illustrates the importance of form in his analysis of verbal behavior. In that analysis, form plays an important part in contingency control. Form and function complement each other. Function, the array of variables that control a verbal utterance, dictates the meaning of a specified form; form, as stipulated by a verbal community, indicates that meaning. The mediational actions that shape verbal utterances do not necessarily encounter their controlling variables. These are inferred from the form of the verbal utterance. Form carries the burden of implied meaning and underscores the importance of the verbal community in the expression of all the forms of language. Skinner''s analysis of verbal behavior and the importance of form within that analysis provides the foundation by which to investigate language. But a further step needs to be undertaken to examine and to explain the abstractions of language as an outcome of action at an aggregate level.