Investigating the Acquisition,Generalization, and Emergence of Untrained Verbal Operants for Mands Acquired Using the Picture Exchange Communication System in Adults With Severe Developmental Disabilities

This study compared the total amount of training time and total number of trial blocks for individuals with severe developmental disabilities to acquire mands under control of unconditioned establishing operations and mands under control of transitive conditioned establishing operations for manual sign and for the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS). Also examined was the generalization of mands across settings and communicative partners, as well as the emergence of untrained tacts and intraverbals for mands acquired using PECS. Mands for preferred items and for items needed to complete a chained task were acquired more rapidly and in fewer training blocks for PECS than for manual sign. Moreover, mands established using PECS generalized across settings and communicative partners. Finally, untrained tacts and intraverbals using PECS were shown to emerge for some of the participants following PECS training. These results suggest that PECS may be a viable alternative communication system for adults with severe developmental disabilities who have little or no history of systematic instruction and limited imitative repertoires.     

《巨型收音机》中的反讽艺术

《巨型收音机》是美国20世纪著名小说家约翰.契弗最有名的短篇小说之一。从文本分析的角度,对这篇作品中的反讽艺术进行分析,以探讨作家这一叙事技巧在表现主题和体现作品的艺术价值方面所起到的作用。     

“过”引申用法的认知分析

运用认知语言学的理论对汉语“过”的基本语义结构进行形象的图示 ,对其基本引申用法做出统一的解释 ,并着重阐明、辨析表完结的体助词“过1 ”和表经历的体助词“过2 ”的意义和用法 ,指出对二者进行区分的必要性。     

简议英语的情态系统

为了让英语学习者对英语情状系统有更多的了解,并认识到从语言本身来研究语言运用规律的客观性,运用功能语法理论探讨了情态的空间,情态的种类,情态的承诺,情态的责任及实意动词的情态化问题,认为对英语情态系统的研究在英语的学习和使用中有举足轻重的作用。     

《101/2章世界史》中的反讽艺术

《10 1/2章世界史》是英国当代作家朱利安.巴恩斯的代表作之一。作者以《圣经》中的诺亚方舟为基本意象,敷衍出10 1/2章故事,同时以反讽的姿态重新审视神话传说和历史事件,在有限的篇幅内展现出了一幅独特的人类历史画卷。     

语文教学中学生言语表达心理初探

交际是人们凭借一定的载体来传递和交流信息的一种社会活动。培养和提高学生的言语表达能力,是语文教学的重要目标之一。从心理学的角度研究学生言语表达,探究学生言语表达的心理过程的各环节和各个因素,有利于有针对性地培养和提高学生的言语表达能力。     

Teaching Employees How to Receive Feedback: A Preliminary Investigation

ABSTRACT

There is a substantial literature on how to deliver feedback to change performance. However, to date no research has been conducted on teaching employees how to effectively receive feedback, even though employee behavior during a feedback session could moderate the effects of feedback. Thus, we developed a list of skills that should be exhibited by an employee while receiving verbal feedback. We then evaluated their acquisition after behavioral skills training using a nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design across participants. The results showed that participants were able to acquire and maintain appropriate feedback receiving behavior.     

网络语言暴力:调查与分析

文章通过实证调查和分析,从语言形式、施为类型和话题类型等角度呈现网络语言暴力的现状,在访谈基础上分析其成因和对国民形象建构的负面影响。研究发现:网络语言暴力现象比较普遍;从言语行为看,断言类最多,指令和表情类次之,承诺类最少;语言暴力与话题密切相关,谈及社会时事时发生频率极高,涉及男女情感和娱乐八卦时语言暴力会经常发生,而谈论家庭琐事或者工作学习时则较少出现。文章最后从社会环境和个人心理机制解析网络语言暴力,并尝试提出了建议以期为实现和谐语用提供参考。     

Installing Circuit Breakers: Mechanisms to Avoid Sexual Harassment in the Workplace

This paper suggests that a synergy is both possible and necessary between two traditionally distinct management approaches: the Weberian approach, which contends that the bureaucratic structure of a company affects the daily activities of employees, and the human relations model, which holds that small group leadership dynamics at the divisional/department level affects daily activities of employees. The tendency within organizations is to promote one approach over the other. A resolution to the debate is suggested in applying mechanisms to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace. Indeed, the courts have inadvertently pointed the way: the reasonable woman standard urges a human relations approach to resolving the problem of sexual harassment, placing the burden of solving the problem on supervisor personnel and their ability to direct their employee's behavior; the hostile environment issues promotes a Weberian structural solution, requiring sound policy be developed at the executive level to ensure workplace compliance to appropriate normative behavior. A one-sided approach is doomed to failure, which may explain why the issue continues to rage in the corporate sphere.