言语交际中的真实性准则

出于对人际交往中真假信息的关注,讨论如何从语言学的角度定义“说谎”和“谎言”,继而考察格莱斯合作原则理论中构成质量准则的“真实性”这一概念,并通过借鉴语言哲学中对“事件”、“事实”和“真实”等相关概念的分析,指出在社会语境下的人际交往过程中不存在所谓的绝对真实,有的只是语言使用者相信的“真实”。     

走出广告言辞表达的误区

〕本文着重对言辞表达不当导致广告误区的问题作出分析,并认为除语言本体的规范标准外,还必须用汉语文化精神和民族精神的尺度,去对广告言辞的是非优劣作出评判。     

论诗的译语言说策略－－唐诗英译对比研究

在唐诗英译的对比分析基础上,讨论了文学翻译活动中的言意矛盾,以及在意向言的转化过程中与译语言说策略相关的三方面问题(1)体现原语文化规范的语言结构和制约言语活动的话语形态;(2)原语文本中意向性关联物的有限性;(3)原语文本结构的非连续性或空缺.     

中国:辞典的源

中国 ,是辞典的发源地。语文辞典 ,源于印度、中国的难词汇编和中国先秦时代的古训。专科辞典 ,源于中国《尔雅》的后十六篇 ,并可上溯到中国先秦时代的古训。百科全书 ,源于中国的《六经》 ,孔子堪称世界百科全书之父     

言语幽默的语用分析

幽默在我们的日常生活中起着非常重要的作用,古往今来,许多专家和学者都从不同的角度和学科对幽默进行了研究。本论文将从语用学的角度入手,首先讨论格莱斯的合作原则及其在言语幽默中的应用,然后以关联理论为依据,从认知的层面解释言语幽默现象,揭示幽默的制笑机制。     

创新与语法

一门语法,是对语言这个意义潜势系统进行多层次、多功能的描摹,为讨论人类在语言方面的无尽创造力提供了一个有效而实用的框架。语言的创新性源于生成意义的资源,该资源在各个语言层面运作。无论是语言艺术、语言游戏抑或修辞手段,语法都不可能对语言的创造性进行全面预测。正如对诗人Edwin Thumboo的《一个诗人在朗诵》一诗作出的语言学解读所示,一首诗歌的意义,是由它所有可能的解读来界定,这种解读可以来自作诗的诗人,也可以来自读者。《一个诗人在朗诵》既展示了语言的创造性,也喻示了我们将经验转换为意义的无限创造力的神圣①。     

反命名和戏谑式命名——杨绛散文的反讽修辞

杨绛散文的反讽修辞对应着两个语境 :故事发生时的语境 ( 5 0年代初至 70年代初 )和故事写作时的语境 ( 80 - 90年代 )。她将“陪斗者”这一政治身份转化为叙述人的观察和言说视角 ,通过“反命名和戏谑式命名”的修辞方式 (表现为“我不是…”/“我是…”的语式 ) ,实现了对语境限制的反限制 ,构成了一种“互文本”的深层意义结构。其戏谑式命名的常用方式是“贬低陈述”。作为女性写作 ,杨绛选择反讽作为自己散文的基本修辞方式 ,既是时间的积累沉淀对她的话语启示 ,也是她对自己文化素质审美心智优长的一种发挥     

Teaching Employees How to Receive Feedback: A Preliminary Investigation

ABSTRACT

There is a substantial literature on how to deliver feedback to change performance. However, to date no research has been conducted on teaching employees how to effectively receive feedback, even though employee behavior during a feedback session could moderate the effects of feedback. Thus, we developed a list of skills that should be exhibited by an employee while receiving verbal feedback. We then evaluated their acquisition after behavioral skills training using a nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design across participants. The results showed that participants were able to acquire and maintain appropriate feedback receiving behavior.     

Installing Circuit Breakers: Mechanisms to Avoid Sexual Harassment in the Workplace

This paper suggests that a synergy is both possible and necessary between two traditionally distinct management approaches: the Weberian approach, which contends that the bureaucratic structure of a company affects the daily activities of employees, and the human relations model, which holds that small group leadership dynamics at the divisional/department level affects daily activities of employees. The tendency within organizations is to promote one approach over the other. A resolution to the debate is suggested in applying mechanisms to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace. Indeed, the courts have inadvertently pointed the way: the reasonable woman standard urges a human relations approach to resolving the problem of sexual harassment, placing the burden of solving the problem on supervisor personnel and their ability to direct their employee's behavior; the hostile environment issues promotes a Weberian structural solution, requiring sound policy be developed at the executive level to ensure workplace compliance to appropriate normative behavior. A one-sided approach is doomed to failure, which may explain why the issue continues to rage in the corporate sphere.     

Evaluation of single and mixed verbal operant arrangements for teaching mands and tacts

The purpose of this series of experiments was to evaluate the effects of mixed mand-tact arrangements on the acquisition of mands and tacts in preschool-aged children. In Experiment 1, the effects of three training arrangements (mand-only training, tact-only training, and mand-tact training) were investigated with 3 typically developing children. Rates of acquisition in single (mand-only and tact-only) versus mixed (mand-tact) presentation were comparable, in contrast to earlier investigations. Experiment 2 attempted to clarify the equivocal findings of Experiment 1 by directly replicating the Carroll and Hesse (1987) investigation with 2 typically developing children. Results again demonstrated no clear benefit of mixed verbal operant training on tact acquisition. In Experiment 3, these same arrangements were evaluated with a boy with autism and included assessments to determine that a relevant establishing operation was in effect prior to each mand training session. Experiment 3 again failed to demonstrate the facilitative effects of mand-tact training on the acquisition of mands or tacts. Taken together, the data from these three experiments fail to support the improved efficiency of mand-tact training suggested by prior studies. Findings are discussed in the context of future research investigating mixed verbal operant arrangements.