论刑事被害人参与的量刑正当性

量刑程序是在刑事审判活动中,人民法院进行量刑活动的步骤,是刑事审判程序的一个组成部分。英美法系国家量刑程序的特点是量刑程序与定罪程序相分离,大陆法系多数国家没有独立的量刑程序,但评议和表决规则十分严密,比较注重限制法官量刑的自由裁量权。我国没有单独的量刑程序,被害人参与不够、透明度不高,影响了审判公正;我国量刑程序应该包括量刑公开、量刑答辩制度等。     

中国刑法视野下的被害人承诺

被害人承诺作为一项正当化事由,包含着重要的刑法价值,它对如何在维护刑法正义的前提下,实现人的自主决定权最大化起关键作用。被害人承诺是指符合犯罪构成要件,但由于被害人承诺放弃该利益而可能得到刑法宽容评价的行为。以相当性为基础,被害人承诺具有阻却违法性之刑法效果。被害人承诺阻却违法性的理论依据是被害人对于自己有权支配和处分的利益在不侵害公共利益的前提下放弃了刑法的保护。     

被害人承诺正当化根据再思考

被害人承诺作为超法规阻却违法性事由得到广泛认同,但是,对于它的正当化根据存在较大争议.正确地界定被害人承诺的正当化根据,对于司法实践有很大帮助.被害人承诺的正当化根据在于,基于社会相当性的利益衡量理论.在实践中,生命法益绝对不能承诺,身体健康法益以及其它个人法益在符合社会相当性范围内可以有限承诺.     

Victimization and Violence: An Exploration of the Relationship Between Child Sexual Abuse,Violence, and Delinquency

Child sexual abuse (CSA) continues to be a major public health issue with significant short- and long-term consequences. However, little contemporary research has examined the relationship between CSA and delinquent and violent behavior in adolescence. Children who have been sexually abused experience a unique form of victimization compared to children who have endured other forms of maltreatment, as CSA can result in feelings of shame, powerlessness and boundary violations. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of CSA on delinquent and violent behavior in adolescence. We examined self-report data at the age 18 interview from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN) on measures of sexual abuse experience, and engagement in delinquent and violent behavior in the past year. All participants reported either a history of maltreatment or were identified at-risk based on demographic risk factors. Participants included 368 males and 445 females who self-reported experiences of CSA and delinquent and violent behavior (N = 813). Findings indicated that, when controlling for gender and race, the odds of engagement in delinquent and violent behavior for those who have experienced CSA are 1.7 times higher than for those who have not. Additionally, female victims of CSA were .52 times less likely to engage in violent and delinquent behavior compared to their male counterparts. Further efforts are needed to examine the effects of CSA on violent and delinquent behavior to better guide treatment efforts that prevent juvenile justice involvement.     

Working with Homeless Populations to Increase Access to Services: A Social Service Providers’ Perspective Through the Lens of Stereotyping and Stigma

Through the lens of stereotyping and stigma, this article examines discrimination and prejudice toward homeless families from the perspective of social service providers. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with practitioners. A critical social work practice perspective is used to provide a framework for understanding how social worker knowledge about discrimination and prejudice informs the ways in which the workers engage with clients, build capacities, and advocate for clients in an anti-oppressive manner. The themes found in this study include: a) providers’ awareness of bias, stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination; b) providers’ use of a range of strategies to work with people experiencing homelessness; c) providers’ ideas about strategies that organizations can implement for service provision; and) providers’ belief that additional advocacy and policy are needed in relationship to people experiencing homelessness.     

Parallels Between Jungian and Black African Views on Dreams

This paper seeks to address the clinical difficulty of working psychodynamically with black African clients in South Africa. The paper explores the points of convergence and divergence between Jungian dream theory and black African dream theory. In many respects, these two frameworks are remarkably similar, suggesting that Jungian dream work could serve as a basis for psychodynamic therapy with black African clients. The author proposes that this dream work could bridge the historical gulf between white African (clinical social worker) and black African (client). Guidelines for cross-cultural dream analysis are suggested.     

敦煌吐鲁番文书中所见的唐代交通管理的法律规定

为了保障正常的交通秩序,唐朝政府制定了较为完善的交通法规,如禁止车马在城内及人口众多的闹市区高速行驶;商旅出行须凭借官府颁发的有效证件;陆路交通实行"右侧通行"、水上通行实行上行回避下行的交通规则;为了保障道路通畅,唐代法典<水部式>中对渡津、桥梁的管理维护作了明确的规定;在新发现的吐鲁番出土文书73TAM509号<康失芬行车伤人案>残卷中,还记载了唐代对于交通肇事罪适用保辜制度的法律程序.     

小议被害人学

被害人学,作为一门新兴的学科,无论是从理论层次上考察,还是在实践操作中,都面临着挑战。而作为被害人学之基础和核心部分的被害人,更是学界讨论的重点部分。现今,在该领域研究最多的是被害人诉讼权利保护和被害人赔偿等问题。然而,目前的研究思路多倾向于刑事诉讼法角度,涉及刑法思维的比较少。在作者看来,如果能在刑法中找到合适的点,融入被害人的权利以及相关内容,即是对被害人在实体法上的肯定与规范。此种研究路径扩展了被害人学的研究视野,而且也必将对被害人相关制度的构建提供更为坚实的基础。     

关于被害人过错的法理探析

被害人过错是指被害人出于故意或者过失,从而引发行为人合乎规律地作出侵害被害人,影响到行为人刑事责任有无及程度的行为。探究被害人过错的学理,首先需要厘清其概念,特别注意刑法学与犯罪学视野的区别;其次需剖析被害人过错影响刑事责任之根据并据此分类。在具体判定中,则需根据被害人过错构造中的主客观内容,以社会相当性为标准进行考量。      

Causes and Contexts of Domestic Violence: Tales of Help‐Seeking Married Women in Sylhet,Bangladesh

Domestic violence (DV) against married women is widely prevalent across Bangladesh and this merits nuanced attention. Multifarious factors are believed to perpetuate DV in different socioeconomic contexts within the country. This study aimed to understand the causes and contexts of DV in the Sylhet region (a distinct sub‐culture that carries Sylheti identity). This was a qualitative study based on the experiences of 42 victims of DV who sought help from two social welfare organizations, namely ‘Women Support Program (WSP)’ and ‘Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST)’, both located in Sylhet. Using in‐depth interviews, we tried to interact with the victims to retrieve the causes and contexts of DV in Sylhet. Findings revealed that a number of factors led to DV. These causal and contextual factors for DV were dowry practice, illiteracy, cultural approval of wife beating, women's silence, polygyny, socioeconomic dependency of the wife, conflicts related to extra‐ and premarital affairs, poverty, stigmatization, and drug addiction of the husband. The study concluded that all these factors could be brought under the umbrella of age‐old patriarchal cultural values that continue to create the contexts where DV takes place unabated.