Calculable Power: A Case Study of IMF Quotas and Voting Rights Reform*

Voting procedure is an important mechanism for public choice in collective bodies such as international organizations. This paper measures and compares IMF member countries’ voting power before the 2008 reform and after the 2010 reform on the basis of datasets on IMF quotas and voting rights distribution provided by IMF. Our study verifies that IMF’s quotas and voting rights reforms do help to reduce the voting power gap among member countries. The 2008 and 2010 reforms produce a greater improvement in emerging members’ voting power under the 70 percent majority rule than the 85 percent rule; the 70 percent majority rule means the United States would lose its absolute veto. Moreover, the paper disproves the underlying assumption that regards a member’s voting power as proportional to its voting rights. Countries with different amounts of voting rights can still have the same voting power.     

公司相互持股法律问题研究

公司相互持股是公司间互相持有对方的股份,成为彼此的股东。相互持股在某种程度上可以促进规模经济的发展,但是它也会给现行法律带来许多制度构架和适用上的问题。世界各国或地区的法律大都对公司相互持股有所规制,以期尽可能减少公司相互持股对经济发展和法律制度的不利影响,而发挥其有利的作用。     

“投票悖论”的分析及其矫正——理性选择理论的“投票现象”应用批判

投票机制是民主政治的制度性保障,但它却存在着一个悖论。这一悖论可被简单地表述为：在投票参与者意识到自己的选票对结果的影响是微不足道的时候,他们往往不会牺牲闲暇以及交通成本等方面的付出到投票站投出手中的选票。美国大选仅仅具有半数左右的参与率似乎也在事实上为以上＂洞见＂提供了心理学依据和社会学依据。在试图解决投票悖论这一问题的过程中,具体分析理性选择理论是如何从一个过分武断化了的前提出发,而走向一条循环论证的死胡同的;进而希望通过为投票动机添加新的变量的方式来缓解理性选择理论的这种弊病。     

小股东表决权信托实现机制研究

小股东和大股东在公司地位及控制公司程度上的差异,导致小股东权益在公司治理中极易受到损害,小股东对行使表决权方式的需求上也与大股东有所差异,股东表决权的行使方式设计应对他们的利益做出平衡,小股东若想得到有效保护,只有联合起来,集合足够的表决权,从而达到与大股东抗衡的目的,表决权信托便是一种有效方式。针对表决权含义与法律特征、表决权信托法律关系,同时从小股东权益的视角研究表决权信托于小股东表决权行使的意义     

Citizens with learning disabilities and the right to vote

This paper asks, in the context of recent legislative changes, what can be done to support more citizens in England and Wales with learning disabilities to vote in national elections? This issue is addressed through (i) a review of recent disability access campaigns that have reported discrimination against, and the under‐representation of, adults with disabilities in UK elections; (ii) a review of recent research undertaken in the USA into the assessment of competence to vote and research undertaken in England that conclusively documents the under‐representation of voters with learning disabilities in the 2005 general election. It is proposed that a ‘functional approach’ to developing an individual's capacity to vote could help to fulfil Article 29 of the United Nations' Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities that gives all people the same political rights.     

Conditions for Exercising Residents’ Voting Rights in Long-Term Care Residences: A Prospective Multicenter Study

To assess voting conditions in long-term care settings, we conducted a multicenter survey after the 2009 European elections in France. A questionnaire about voting procedures and European elections was proposed in 146 out of 884 randomized facilities. Sixty-four percent of facilities answered the questionnaire. Four percent of residents voted (national turnout: 40%), by proxy (58%) or at polling places (42%). Abstention related to procedural issues was reported in 32% of facilities. Sixty-seven percent of establishments had voting procedures, and 53% declared that they assessed residents’ capacity to vote. Assistance was proposed to residents for voter registration, for proxy voting, and for voting at polling places, respectively, in 33%, 87%, and 80% of facilities. This survey suggests that residents may be disenfranchised and that more progress should be made to protect the voting rights of residents in long-term care facilities.     

Class voting, social change, and the left in Australia, 1943-96

The relationship between class and voting choices has been the subject of controversy in recent years, especially in connection with the apparent decline of the traditional left. This paper examines class voting in Australia, focusing on three major issues: (1) changes in the overall strength of class voting (2) realignment, or changes in the relative political positions of the classes (3) the connection between the strength of class voting and support for Labor. It finds that (1) there is a decline in 'general' class voting (2) much of this decline involves a realignment of certain middle class groups, but there is no support for the popular idea that class alignments have become more complex (3) there is no connection between the strength of class voting and Labor performance. Our results cast doubt on accounts that regard the electoral difficulties of left parties as a symptom of the decline of class.     

我国股份公司股东表决权信托的法律效力

股东表决权信托是一种将信托原理运用到股份公司股东表决权行使领域的法律制度和法律手段,我国没有股东表决权信托的制定法,但也没有不允许的禁止性规则。探讨股东表决权信托的法律效力问题,目的是让股东表决权信托制度能真正地进入我国的现实生活,在我国社会经济中发挥积极作用。     

论我国股东委托书征集制度的构建

股东委托书征集制度是股份公司股权分散化、流动化的必然产物,它涉及委托代理行为和征集行为。我国现行有关委托书征集的立法主要是委托授权的内容,而征集行为欠明确和详细的规定。在考察我国资本市场现状和今后发展趋势的基础上,借鉴国外相关的立法,完善我国有关委托书征集的规则。     

完善选举制度建设社会主义政治文明

从选举制度的完善这一角度论述了完善选举制度对于社会主义政治文明建设的重要意义,并提出完善选举制度的几点思考.