Working in partnership: user perceptions of intensive home visiting

The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of vulnerable women about the value of intensive home visiting in pregnancy and the first year of life delivered by health visitors trained to work in partnership with families. Twenty in‐depth interviews were conducted with women who had completed the home visiting programme and agreed to be interviewed. The data were fully transcribed and analysed thematically. Despite initial concerns and negative preconceptions about health and social service professionals, participating women greatly valued the relationships that were established with their home visitors and identified a number of ways in which they had benefited. These included increased confidence, improved mental health, better parenting, improved relationships and changes in their attitudes toward professionals. These findings demonstrate the potential of intensive home visiting delivered in partnership with mothers in reaching and helping vulnerable and ‘hard‐to‐reach’ families. They highlight the importance of establishing a trusting relationship between helper and provider, and the need for home visitors to have the necessary skills and qualities to establish such relationships. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

人类学视野中的"无国籍女人"——以广西大新县A村为例

A村是位于中国广西边境地区大新县的一个村庄。该村村民主要是壮族,和越南邻村边民属于同一个民族。自从20世纪80年代末中越关系改善以来,该村与越南邻村边民之间的跨国婚姻越来越多。特别是自1994年该村附近旅游开发以来,A村的经济条件有所改善,吸引了更多的越南妇女嫁入该村。然而,这种必将越来越普遍的跨国婚姻,由于种种原因,难以有正常的婚姻登记,导致这群越南妇女难以取得中国国籍、户籍,最后导致这群嫁入中国、在中国生活并生儿育女的越南妇女成为“无国籍女人”,最终导致她们产生了社会身份认同的危机,这使她们无法认同自己是中国人。     

帮扶大学生弱势群体 推进高校学风建设

近几年,随着高等学校的扩招,大学生中弱势群体的问题开始凸显出来,他们中的相当一部分人,由于认知的偏差,不能正确对待自己的处境,产生悲观无助的心理,不能端正学习态度,影响了自己的学习成绩和学校学风建设工作的推进。从帮扶和教育大学生中弱势群体的角度,探讨推进高校学风建设工作的方法,有利于学生健康成长。     

Deaf women: educational experiences and self-identity

Using life history interviews with 10 college educated Deaf¹ women this paper investigates connections between early education and college experience and how they identified as Deaf. The women developed strategies as they managed their impressions while employing Goffman's practices of loyalty, discipline and circumspection. Acknowledging deafness and their own decisions about education affected their identities. The women experienced a cultural shift after attending a college for the deaf or after their exposure to the Deaf community and learning American Sign Language. The women developed strategies of becoming 'lifetime educators' and 'self-advocates'. Their experiences show the role of language in the identity making process and how the women navigated this in their schools.     

Public Sector Reform and Women's Work in Poland: ‘Working for Juice,Coffee and Cheap Cosmetics!’

The debate on the transformation of work in east central Europe has concentrated on the restructuring of employment in manufacturing to the detriment of any discussion of the transformation of work in the service and public sectors, where the majority of women are employed. Moreover, while it is frequently recognized that women have been hit hard by job loss and unemployment, less attention has been paid the changing experiences of women in work. This article looks at the profound impact of market‐driven reforms in the Polish health and education sectors implemented in the late 1990s, and considers their implications for women and their work. It reports on interviews with a cross‐section of women workers in schools and hospitals and with trade union leaders at both the national and branch level. The impacts of the reforms and the experiences of women workers are discussed through the themes of changing employment levels, the restructuring of working conditions, job security, wages, training, and the double burden of balancing domestic and work lives. The general findings are that although the impact has been highly uneven between workplaces and regions, in general women have experienced an intensification of work and deteriorating working conditions. Their personal lives are not only more stressful due to the pressure at work, but also the double burden of paid and domestic work has increased due to the marketization of public provision. In both sectors, the response to reform has been widespread and militant industrial action, which has gained considerable political attention. We therefore also focus on how women have contested change, both passively and actively, through trade unionism and other political practice.     

The Thin End of the Wedge: Foreign Women Professors as Double Strangers in Academia

The impetus for this study was an observation that many of the first women to obtain chairs at European universities were foreigners. Our initial attempt to provide a statistical picture of this proved impossible, because there were numerous problems deciding the contents of such concepts as ‘first’, ‘university professor’ and ‘foreigner’. We have therefore focused on four life stories. It turns out that being a ‘double stranger’— a woman in a masculine profession and a foreigner — is not, as one might think, a cumulative disadvantage. Rather, it seems that these two types of strangeness might cancel out one another, permitting these women a greater degree of success than was allowed their native sisters. This situation however, provides little psychological comfort, hence the metaphor of the wedge: opening the doors but suffering from double pressure.     

略论民初女性对性别歧视的觉醒与反思——以女子参政权运动为中心的考察

从性别冲突的角度来看,民初女子参政权运动的失败,女性参政要求被拒,可谓典型的性剐歧视案例.民初女性对于性别歧视问题的自觉与反思,表明其女权意识的初步觉醒.这对于促进近代中国女性的思想觉醒,推动近代中国妇女解放运动的进步,均有着积极的历史意义.     

Economic subsystems and the occupational structure: A comparison of Hungary and the United States

This article proposes a new way of looking at social inequality in socialist and nonsocialist societies. In the first section, a conceptual framework for recovering houseworkers for class analysis is introduced, and a historically-based argument for representing them in the occupational structure is advanced. The second section reviews the evolution of social cleavages from the preindustrial era to the present day and discusses the implications of using the same occupational classification scheme to describe both socialist and nonsocialist societies. This occupational classification is illustrated in the concluding section of the paper by reanalyzing data from Hungary and the United States. The results provide new insights into the structure of gender-based inequalities and the effects of socialism on the occupational division of labor.An earlier version of this article was presented at the 84th annual meeting of the American Sociological Association in San Francisco, August 1989.     

从潮汕侨批看海外潮人的女性观

性别观念是社会经济、政治的产物和反映,从《潮汕侨批萃编》第一辑收集的493封侨批中,可见到20世纪四五十年代寄批的海外潮人的女性观。主要有两种一是”男尊女卑”的传统女性观,体现了海外潮人身在海外,仍传承着潮汕社会重男轻女、尊长重嫡的宗族意识;二是提倡接受教育,追求自立的女性观,说明了海外潮人由于主客观条件的变化,女性观也有所变化。     

抗战时期根据地妇女政治参与探析

抗战时期,在我党妇女政策的引导下,根据地妇女政治参与的热情空前高涨.这一时期,根据地妇女政治参与的主要形式有:参加各种各样的妇女组织,参选,参政,参加抗战、生产和生活改革.根据地妇女的政治参与的形式对我们今天推进妇女参政有着宝贵的借鉴经验:党和政府要高度重视妇女在建设中的作用,充分了解各阶层妇女的要求,培养和选拔妇女干部,提高妇女的知识水平.