殖民语境中文学的民族国家立场问题——关于抗战时期日本占领区中国文学中的亲日文学

抗战时期日本占领区的亲日文学,是一种特殊的文学现象。从殖民语境和沦陷区文学研究史角度,对"汉奸文学"加以辨析。文章分析了"汉奸文学"在三种不同的殖民体制中的差别,并在如何界定"汉奸文学"的问题上,提出五个方面的区分原则。正确认识"汉奸文学",不但有利于中国沦陷区文学研究的深化,而且有助于客观评价沦陷区民众的行为方式和生存状态。     

Cowboy of the World? Gender Discourse and the Iraq War Debate

In this article we examine the debate preceding the most recent war in Iraq to show how gendered framing can compromise the quality of debate. Drawing on a sample of national news discourse in the year before the war began, we show that both anti-war and pro-war speakers draw on binary images of gender to construct their cases for or against war. Speakers cast the Bush administration’s argument for invasion either as a correct “macho” stance or as inappropriate, out-of-control masculinity. The most prominent gendered image in war debate is that of the cowboy, used to characterize both President Bush and US foreign policy in general. The cowboy is positioned against a diplomatic form of masculinity that is associated with Europe and valued by anti-war speakers, but criticized by pro-war speakers. Articles that draw on gender images show a lower quality of the debate, measured by the extent to which reasons rather than ad hominem arguments are used to support or rebut assertions.

王夫之战争观探析

王夫之是我国明清之际伟大的思想家,他深刻总结了明朝灭亡的历史教训,形成了较为系统的战争观理论体系,其中不乏独到见解。在对待战争的态度上,他认为兵乃国家大事,要重视战争和慎重对待战争,既反对穷兵黩武又不主张偃兵;他认为用兵目的是要为民除害、吊民伐罪、代天行事,这种战争必然受到人民的拥护;国家要在足食足兵的基础上教兵备战,让没有经过教战训练的民众去作战,等于是让他们白白送死,如果教战如同儿戏,则不如不教。     

AT WAR

Technological supremacy means that the West can avoid getting up close and personal to kill. Our legacies of imperial power ensure that our wars are fought ‘over there’, and men in post-industrial societies are disassociated from the death embracing culture of the warrior. However, in the aftermath of September 11, we have entered a new era of global militarization – the shadowed world of the War on Terror. It confronts us with the historical changes in men's relationship to war, and how masculinity has been shaped by the processes of formalization and informalization. It opens up a new kind of front, with an enemy who is claimed to be everywhere, and a military-market complex that is denationalizing war in its promotion of a neo-liberal imperialism.     

抗战时期中共民主政治建设及其启示

抗日战争时期中国共产党在民主政治建设方面取得了重要成果，不仅充分保证了人民的民主权利。而且充分调动了人们的积极性，为夺取抗日战争的伟大胜利提供了重要的政治保障。这对今天的社会主义民主政治建设具有重要的启迪意义。     

The First Sino-Japanese War Indemnity Revisited

Abstract

The question of the amount of the First Sino-Japanese War indemnity involves three main elements: Japan’s military expenditure on the war, China’s actual payment, and the actual amount Japan received. On all of these issues, there have always been considerable differences between Chinese and Japanese scholars. In this study, we analyze relevant archives and documents and the main scholarly work in both China and Japan and provide a detailed discussion of several scholarly points of views and their basis, and examine the pre- and postwar exchange rates between the yen, the Chinese treasury standard (Kuping) silver tael, and the pound sterling, taking account of the fluctuating value of the yen before and after the war. On this basis, we calculate that Japan’s actual military spending on the war was no more than 125 million yen, while the actual payments by the Qing government, converted to pounds sterling and then to yen, totaled 358.36 million yen. Japan extorted 233.36 million yen from China, or three times Japan’s total annual revenue at the time.     

American Military Government after Two Wars

Researchers have argued for increased collaboration between teachers and museum educators to improve the outcomes of museum education on students; however, significant gaps in understanding between the two remain impediments to effective collaboration. We surveyed fifty-one museum educators, conducted in-depth interviews with ten of these respondents, and analyzed the data with use of an inductive lens. In this article we use a composite dialogue between a museum educator and a teacher to present a series of questions teachers should ask of, and information they should provide to, museum educators. Such questions and information can be used to initiate more effective collaborative relationships that may ultimately improve the quality of museum education for our students. We argue that gaps in museum educators’ understanding about teachers’ needs, objectives, and concerns about museum visits could be bridged if teachers knew what questions to ask and what information to volunteer to museum educators before arranging a museum visit.     

美国亚洲政策与战后我国处理日本战争赔偿问题

战后国民党政府对日本赔偿问题经历了一个由积极到消极的转变过程。这个过程主要受美国亚洲政策的影响。这一转变不仅对当时产生了极其不良的影响，对现在的负面影响也是不可估量的。     

美国建国初期的孤立主义困境——以美法关系从“同盟”到“准战争”为例

在独立战争初期,美国由于力量弱小选择了与法国结盟共同对抗英国.在独立后,美国极力奉行孤立主义的外交政策,希望在不卷入欧洲纷争的前期下,与欧洲保持纯洁的商业关系.但是这种想法却与欧洲奉行的现实主义政治理念格格不入,因而产生一种进退维谷的困境.     

论沈虹光对战争历史题材话剧的探索

湖北剧作家沈虹光的战争历史题材话剧创作有得有失，与其表现日常生活的话詹j呈现出不同的特点。用日常性的手法建构非日常性的战争历史，势必会在一定程度上消解历史本应有的剧烈冲突。：视角的局限阻碍了沈虹光塑造立体感的英雄人物。其剧作在文学性方面效果突出，但平淡内隐的戏剧形态下，缺乏扣人心弦的舞台效果。