中国生物多样性资源权属特点及对保护影响分析

生物多样性保护是全球生态保护的核心问题之一。中国生物多样性资源丰富,在全球生物多样性保护中占有重要地位。目前通过保护区建设等方式,中国的生物多样性保护工作取得了一定成效。但随着社会经济的快速发展,自然资源的过度利用和生态环境的破坏事件不断发生,使得生物多样性保护的压力不断增长。其中,产权不清是生物多样性资源保护与利用矛盾的根源,而资源管理低效则是重要的制度原因。本文运用了经济外部性理论,从资源产权制度视角探析了中国生物多样性保护问题的成因和解决途径。文章首先对中国生物多样性资源产权的特点进行了概要分析;其次,对中国生物多样性资源产权结构进行了分析,并基于此分析了产权问题对生物多样性保护的主要影响;最后提出了完善中国生物多样性资源产权制度具有紧迫性和必要性。     

构建我国完善的节能政策体系的基本构想

能源是人类社会生存和发展的物质基础,也是制约经济、社会持续发展的资源因素。制定并实施节能政策是实现经济和社会可持续发展的需要,是保障国家能源安全的重要举措。构建完善的节能政策体系应确立合理的政策导向：充分发挥市场机制的作用、运用经济手段实现节能目标、鼓励引导全民参与、鼓励和保护技术创新与应用、发挥教育与宣传的原则。完善的节能政策体系包括节能经济政策、节能产业政策、节能技术政策、节能设备能效标准标识和认证政策、能源管理政策、节能优惠与奖励政策、节能宣传政策。     

高校思想政治教育的新拓展：资源节约教育

高校作为“节约型社会”构建的子系统,必须努力探讨适应建设“节约型社会”的人才培养和教育模式。节约资源是保护生态环境的根本举措,但在高校思想政治教育中,似乎更多关注生态环境教育,忽视了资源节约教育,导致高校思想政治理论课内容结构和体例上不完善,必须重新审视资源节约教育在高校思想政治教育中的价值,探索高校思想政治教育引入资源节约教育的内容以及有效实现形式,并落实在高校思想政治理论课内容上资源节约的道德教育与法律教育的双重构建,为建设节约型社会、确保经济社会的可持续发展提供思想保障。     

“十三五”中国能源消费总量控制与节能

能源需求的快速增长和巨量的能源消费已严重制约中国经济社会的可持续发展.面对日益严峻的能源和环境问题,中国提出了2020年能源消费及煤炭消费总量的双控目标."十三五"是中国全面建成小康社会的关键时期,作为经济发展的原动力,能源消费快速增长的趋势难以改变.通过测算,在实现既定经济发展目标的情况下,2020年能源缺口将达到6.6亿吨标煤以上.落实"十三五"能源消费总量控制目标,需要从源头入手,狠抓节能不动摇.     

Proactive coping with job insecurity: Is it always beneficial to well-being?

With reference to conservation of resources theory, the authors explored the role of proactive coping in relation to both positive and negative aspects of employee well-being (happiness and depression) when confronted with job insecurity. The authors investigated if coping efficiency improves when employees are highly committed to work, that is, when they have a high level of work involvement. Results of tests with samples of 162 Austrian and 444 Taiwanese employees revealed that, overall, proactive coping was positively related to employee well-being if the perception of job insecurity was low. However, in the case of high job insecurity, the beneficial effect of proactive coping was present only among employees with high work involvement. The interaction was significant for feelings of depression in the Austrian sample and for feelings of happiness in the Taiwanese sample. The findings suggest that if a person experiences job insecurity, the efficiency of proactive coping might depend on the person's work-related attitudes and beliefs, such as work involvement, that serve as coping resources.     

三维各向同性谐振子的对称守恒张量与欧勒角

三维各向同性谐振子有一对称的守恒张量，由守桓张量可直接求得振子的特征能量和轨道长短轴的长度，确定轨道长短轴方向及轨道平面法线方向的三欧勒角，可由守桓张量的分量及机械能、角动量决定．     

清水江地区人工林经营中的水土保持手段述评

水土保持是我国江河上游可持续发展的仅有利于水土保持,而且其综合经济效益明显高于林学家指导下的国营林场的现代经营模式.但由于双方彼此间的相互隔绝和排斥,传统经营号现代经营的各种利弊均得不到扬弃.现代林业应与传统接轨,实现传统创新.     

Statistical correction for functional metagenomic profiling of a microbial community with short NGS reads

By sequence homology search, the list of all the functions found and the counts of reads being aligned to them present the functional profile of a metagenomic sample. However, a significant obstacle has been observed in this approach due to the short read length associated with many next-generation sequencing technologies. This includes artificial families, cross-annotations, length bias and conservation bias. The widely applied cut-off methods, such as BLAST E-value, are not able to solve the problems. Following the published successful procedures on the artificial families and the cross-annotation issue, we propose in this paper to use zero-truncated Poisson and Binomial (ZTP-Bin) hierarchical modelling to correct the length bias and the conservation bias. Goodness of fit of the modelling and cross-validation for the prediction using a bioinformatic simulated sample show the validity of this approach. Evaluated on an in vitro-simulated data set, the proposed modelling method outperforms other traditional methods. All three steps were then sequentially applied on real-life metagenomic samples to show that the proposed framework will lead to a more accurate functional profile of a short-read metagenomic sample.     

《国粹学报》与“古学复兴”

古学复兴是清末国学保存会同人对他们所参与的国粹保存运动的定位。一方面，文艺复兴被当时的思想界描述为欧洲近代化史的起点，另一方面，国学保存会所谓的“古学复兴”，又有其独特内涵。它包含三层含义，一、打破官学独尊，提倡独立思考；二、继承有清汉学传统，“复兴”古学；三、倡导国语写作。因此，古学复兴的思路看似西学影响的结果，但对它的解读，又离不开对中国、尤其是晚清以来的学术史的了解。本文从清代学术史发展变化的角度对这一问题做了初步解析。