石湖风景区景观保护思考

本文评述了石湖风景区的景观资源及其价值;指出石湖景观保护的紧迫性;提出了石湖景观保护的策略方针,以供讨论和参考。     

Vegetative characteristics of urban land covers in metropolitan Tucson

In this study we developed a methodology that associated land cover categories to aerial photographs. We selected 4, 42-mile (10 km2) study sites within metropolitan Tucson, Arizona for our pilot study. Land uses within these sites covered the range of landscapes found within Pima County, Arizona, although not necessarily in proportions representative of the metropolitan area. We designated land cover categories within the pilot sites based on recent (March, 1990) aerial photographs and developed a geographical information system (GIS) database of these land cover categories. We measured vegetation attributes on randomly selected samples within each land cover category and classified vegetation occurring on specific land cover categories according to the Brown et al. (1979) system. Our land cover classification system was nominal with a hierarchical structure, facilitating organization and providing flexibility for adding new categories.Our results showed that although neighborhood parks contained the greatest vegetated areas within our four study plots, very low density housing (4 acres/house), rivers whose banks were partially stabilized, naturally occurring washes (with no bank stabilization), and natural open space contained the highest percentage of native vegetation. Within our four study sites, low density housing (4 acres/house), rivers with partially stabilized banks, naturally occurring washes (no bank stabilization), and natural open space land cover categories contained the most area that was covered with vegetation providing escape cover.     

李时珍、宋应星气学思想合论

科学与唯物主义具有本质的一致性。本文从历史与逻辑相统一的角度,论述和分析了我国古代两位杰出科学家李时珍、宋应星的气学思想,并对这一思想在我国科学和哲学发展史上的地位和作用作了评价。     

Examining the variation in local water sustainability practices

As sustainable development is becoming more important to ensure the economic success and social well-being of any government, without regard to its level, the efficient use and protection of natural resources has increased in importance. And local governments are at the forefront of developing sustainability policy in many ways. This study investigates the factors that influence the variation in local sustainability practices in one critical area, water conservation. The variation in adoption of water sustainability programs in municipalities across the U.S. is hypothesized to rely on three key factors: environmental condition, form of government, and fiscal condition. Our findings from an ordered logistic regression model indicate that municipalities with high drought level, high environmental policy priorities, and high community wealth are likely to adopt more water conservation programs.     

河北地方戏文化资源产业化发展策略研究

地方戏凝结着某一地域的民风习俗、地缘风貌,具有不可替代的艺术魅力,是地域文化的重要构成和资源。河北是戏曲大省,传统戏曲剧种比较丰富,是河北省一项重要的文化资源。在振兴民族文化精神,提高文化软实力的今天,重新认知地方戏这个文化资源,研究其在新的社会经济条件下生存发展之路,对推动社会主义文化大发展大繁具有理论和现实意义。     

大遗址保护的困境与出路

大遗址保护是我国当前历史文化遗产保护的重要议题,相关保护规划的认识、方法、理论不完全成熟,当前大遗址保护研究在取得一定进步的同时也存在一系列问题。本文针对我国大遗址保护现状,分析保护思想理念与保护制度方面存在的问题,并从战略角度提出理念、方法、制度等对策建议,目的是希望避免大遗址保护走不必要的弯路。     

我国节能减排政策的措施与目标协同有效吗?——基于1052条节能减排政策的研究

基于我国1997年至2013年间颁布的1 052条节能减排政策,利用从政策力度、政策措施和政策目标三个维度对我国节能减排政策进行量化的数据,构建了针对不同措施与目标协同的计量模型.论文研究了政策措施与目标协同对节能减排效果的影响,并分析了节能减排政策措施与目标的协同状况及我国政府对其使用状况.研究发现,我国各节能减排政策中分别以行政措施和引导措施为基础的措施与目标协同对节能减排效果的影响存在显著的方向性差异,且不同措施与目标协同方式的使用程度差异明显并有待进一步完善.本文厘清了不同政策措施与目标的协同效果,为我国政府节能减排政策协同机制的建立和有效实施提供了理论依据.     

Personal meaning in the public sphere: The standardisation and rationalisation of biodiversity data in the UK and the Netherlands

The demand for biodiversity data is increasing. Governments require standardised, objective data to underpin planning and conservation decisions. These data are produced by large numbers of (volunteer) natural historians and non-governmental organisations. This article analyses the interface between the state and the volunteer naturalists to understand the emerging patterns of information flow between them. Our results are based on research in the UK and the Netherlands. These two countries have a long history in volunteer biodiversity recording and are facing similar issues in relation to the increasing demand for standardised data. Our findings demonstrate that citizens who become involved in recording do so because they value nature and biodiversity. Recording is for them a way to enact their relationship with nature and contribute to its protection. Our findings also show that they are concerned about the increasing rationalisation in the process of data flow and about the way in which the government treats them and ‘their’ data. Our paper concludes by discussing this tension and the challenges and opportunities for biodiversity recording.     

绿色设计——室内设计的未来之路

21世纪,西方近百年的工业化进程在带来物质生活高度繁荣的同时,也带来了环境的恶化,保护我们赖以生存的绿色空间成为了公众关注的重要课题。室内设计以室内空间为对象,需要将绿色设计的理念贯穿于设计活动的全部过程中,从环境保护的角度上来讲,室内设计的绿化设计应遵循节约性、生态性、社会性这三个原则。     

A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK FOR MODELLING WILDLIFE POPULATION DYNAMICS†

This paper proposes a unified framework for defining and fitting stochastic, discrete‐time, discrete‐stage population dynamics models. The biological system is described by a state‐space model, where the true but unknown state of the population is modelled by a state process, and this is linked to survey data by an observation process. All sources of uncertainty in the inputs, including uncertainty about model specification, are readily incorporated. The paper shows how the state process can be represented as a generalization of the standard Leslie or Lefkovitch matrix. By dividing the state process into subprocesses, complex models can be constructed from manageable building blocks. The paper illustrates the approach with a model of the British grey seal metapopulation, using sequential importance sampling with kernel smoothing to fit the model.