当代中国的妇女研究与性别知识建构

知识女性作为当代中国妇女研究的一支主要力量,在性别知识建构方面发挥了重要作用。她们不仅有着男性知识分子所不具有的女性的切身体验,而且与其他阶层的女性相比又有着较高的文化知识水平。这两者的结合,使得以妇女为主体的性别知识建构由可能变成了现实。因为,知识是有性别的,性别也是需要被知识化的;而知识化了性别经验和经验化了的性别知识,在女性与男性、女性与社会的良性互动中,不仅可以改变人类知识生产的体系与模式,还能够推动人类社会和谐有序地向前发展。三十年来,当代中国知识女性在总结妇女经验、阐释性别理论、传播性别知识、践行性别理念等方面所进行的不懈的努力,一方面为人类从性别角度深入了解自身奠定了知识基础,另一方面也为改变现实中各种性别不平等的观念和制度提供了理论指导;同时,人们性别平等意识的增强和传统性别制度的改变,又为新的性别知识乃至人类知识的再生产提供了无尽的源泉。     

Can increased educational attainment explain declining Indigenous fertility?

Prior research shows that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women are more likely to have children and have more children, on average, than non-Indigenous women. However, like those of the total Australian population, fertility rates of Indigenous women have been declining since the 1970s. The decline has been more significant in recent years. Between 2006 and 2016, an increasing proportion of Indigenous women postponed childbirth from their teens into their 20s and 30s, leading women to have fewer children over their lifetimes. During the same period, there was a rapid increase in educational attainment among the Indigenous population. This paper examines educational gradients in fertility among Indigenous women and whether the observed fertility decline is linked with the increased educational attainment. Using data from the 2006, 2011 and 2016 Australian Census of Population and Housing and applying a shift-share decomposition analysis, we find that education has been a big driver of falling fertility rates in non-remote areas. In remote areas, education has had a much smaller effect (except for youngest women).     

村上春树《睡》之“睡”与“醒”辨析

《睡》虽以“睡”为题实则却是在讨论“我”的自我觉醒问题,是对个体生存状态的探讨和对女性命运的关注。以含有深意的噩梦作为切入点探讨“我”主体性失落的原因和内心体悟,灵与肉分离后“我”对自己的自由空间、生存意义的努力寻求和对人生价值的探索,以及荒诞式结局表达的对生活的无奈之感。     

政治、法律与社会习俗之间的博弈——对1926-1928年女子财产继承权法律变化的解读

1926年国民党通过的《妇女运动决议案》赋予女性与男性平等的财产继承权,但当时的最高法院在解释女性这一用语时,进行了狭窄的解释,从而对女性财产继承权进行了很大的限制。从民初独特的社会背景来看,最高法院司法解释的倒退并非单纯是司法保守性的体现,事实上,从1926--1928年期间,在女性财产继承权变化的表象背后,更多地体现了政治、法律、社会等各个层面的力量相互之间的作用过程。     

论古代犹太妇女的教育

在《圣经》时代,犹太教育具有明显的宗教特色。对于接受最基本的宗教教育来说,犹太妇女和男子之间的受教育机会还没有形成明显的差别。但是,随着公元一世纪学校的建立,妇女被排除在正规教育以外的现象日益凸现。犹太妇女之所以在受教育机会、受教育内容及受教育程度上与男子均存在差异,首先是由于妇女和男子不平等的宗教地位,同时也源于男权社会对妇女的角色定位以及男权社会对女性接受教育存在着根深蒂固的偏见。     

论城市界面下回族女性婚姻观念和行为的变迁

目前,中国正在进行着一场深入的变革.在这场变革中强调的是观念和制度的调适,构建的是积极现代的人际互动模式.不可否认,现代化的冲击和裹挟给生活在城市中的回族女性带来了巨大的利益和信息.但是必须看到任何现代化的构建和前进都有诸多非现代化的制约因素.对于回族来说,这一承载着太多宗教与传统因素的民族.它的发展与进步也是在现代化的转型中进行着潜移默化的调适.笔者正是把对城市回族女性婚姻观念和行为的研究放置在这一大的时代背景之下,主要探讨回族女性在现代化背景下婚姻观念行为的调适与变迁.     

西部农村留守妇女的身心健康及其影响因素——来自四川农村的报告

本文采用西部地区24个行政村千余名农村妇女的调查数据,探讨了农村留守妇女的身心健康及影响因素。研究发现,留守确实影响了农村妇女的身心健康,留守妇女比非留守妇女更担心自己的身体健康状况,更倾向认为自己的身体健康状况不及同龄女性和比以前更差了,更容易出现一些生理和心理不健康的症状;留守妇女的家庭压力、社会支持网络、当地医疗卫生状况等因素对其身心健康有不同程度的影响。文章最后提出建立夫妻间良好的沟通机制、构建社会支持网络、改善农村医疗卫生状况三点建议。     

潜在的“男权”——对丁玲创作中妇女解放问题的讨论

丁玲的创作生涯与中国近现代革命、思想与文学的现代性进程有着密切联系,她的生命轨迹与中国女性在解放道路上的缩影交织着。丁玲自始至终以现代女性的姿态将自己的生命体验与女性经验付诸文字与思想,塑造了一大批女性人物形象:觉醒的五四女儿梦珂、莎菲,在革命边缘生存的美琳、玛丽,从事革命工作的三小姐,处于革命体制中的贞贞,陷于阶级斗争中的黑妮等。表面上看是社会机制的不完善、革命体制的规约、阶级斗争等对女性造成压迫,给女性解放带来阻力,但丁玲自始至终为读者展现了一条男权中心主义的线索,不管披着何种外衣,男性主体的男权意识始终是压迫女性的最直接的武器。在对女性主体性的积极建构之外,丁玲对男权的解构、揭露与批判构成了丁玲思考妇女解放问题的另一个支点。     

Innovative Social Policies: Implications for Work–life Balance among Low‐waged Women in England

We investigated innovative social policies drawn from the European arena — universal systems of childcare, a shorter working week and shared parental leave — asking about their relevance to the work–life balance of low‐waged coupled mothers in England. While in principle the policy environment has shifted from assumptions of a male breadwinner to dual earners, in practice severe constraints on mothers' labour market attachment bring women half the lifetime earnings of men. British Household Panel Survey data for coupled low‐waged women in England show them as likely to work short part‐time hours, have low‐waged partners and low household wages while belonging to male breadwinner partnerships in terms of their contribution to household wages and unpaid work; but that few women support this model. Interviews with low‐waged mothers show evidence of limited choices, constrained by social policies which offer limited and piecemeal support for working parenthood. Given the choice, low‐waged mothers and their partners would find policies available elsewhere in Europe attractive. They see a more universal comprehensive system of childcare as enabling women's employment and improving children's quality of life; a shorter working week as enabling mothers and fathers to lead more balanced lives and a father's quota of parental leave fitting with their assumptions about sharing care.