Living arrangements and level of care among clients discharged from a scattered-site housing-based independent living program

There is little recent research in the field of adolescent independent living that looks at the specific living arrangements of youth, who at the point of discharge from the child welfare system, had experienced living independently and had access to a choice of housing options. Administrative data and reviews of client records were used in this study to look at the choice of housing option and the change in level of care of 367 young adults who emancipated from the Lighthouse Youth Services Independent Living Program in Cincinnati, Ohio, during the five-year period 2001-2006. Given a range of housing options at the time of discharge, over half (55%) chose an independent living arrangement, including 41% who lived in their own place, either alone (28%) or with a roommate (13%). Only 21% decided to live in someone else's home, including just 7% with one or both birth parents, 10% with some other relative, and 4% with a non-relative. The remaining 24% of youth were discharged from independent living to a more restrictive living arrangement (a.k.a., higher “level of care”, including a residential treatment program, group home, foster care, or supervised independent living program) (11%) or whose whereabouts were unknown (13%). The outcomes of this study suggest that, when presented with a choice of housing options, most of this county's emancipating foster youth would prefer to live on their own, rather than to return to live with their families of origin. The study also suggests that many youth who participate in a scattered-site housing-based independent living program can succeed in leaving care with affordable housing in place and avoid immediate homelessness.     

转型经济中企业制度变迁模式分析:系统经济学方法

在从计划经济向市场经济的转型过程中,存在两种制度变迁模式:激进式制度变迁模式和渐进式制度变迁模式。本文根据系统经济学的观点和资源位理论的基本思想,从制度环境与制度安排的相互关系角度分析比较了这两种制度变迁模式中企业制度变迁的异同及其不同经济后果的深层原因。在此基础上,结合田国强的研究成果,深入探讨了决定企业制度变迁的因素。     

Family and work-related risk factors in children's social–emotional well-being and parent–educator cooperation in flexibly scheduled early childhood education and care

Non-standard work schedules (NSWS) have become typical, but their associations with childcare arrangements and children's well-being are unknown. This study explores how risk factors are associated with the social–emotional well-being of girls and boys using flexibly scheduled early childhood education and care. Furthermore, the study investigates whether well-functioning cooperation between parents and educators buffers the negative effects of the risk factors. This study, which is a part of a larger survey carried out in three European countries, reports Finnish parents' (N = 146) perspectives. The results showed that high parental stress was associated with low child well-being. Strong parent–educator cooperation positively impacted both boys' and girls' social–emotional well-being. The risk factors of reconciling work and family life had negative associations with children's well-being and the fulfilment of their basic needs. The results illustrate the complex interrelations between children's well-being, risk factors relating to NSWS and the buffering effect of protective factors.     

影响中国房地产市场发展的主要制度安排研究

影响我国房地产市场的主要制度安排有五种:房地产住房供给和保障制度、房地产土地供给制度、房地产金融制度、房地产税收制度和存在于我国居民购房行为中的非正式制度。这些制度安排及其变迁一方面促进了我国房地产的快速发展,另一方面也在某种程度上扭曲了我国的房地产业,使得房地产价格上涨过快。     

Stabilise,balance and adjust—Framing the early years transitions of children whose parents work non-standard hours

This study examined talk by parents about the early years transitions of their children (n = 7) in the context of parental non-standard working hours and Finnish early childhood education and care (ECEC) services. Parents were interviewed at three time points: when their child was aged one, four, five or six years (a total of 21 interviews). The third interview was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article focuses on the children's ECEC transitions and the interpretative frames used by parents when talking about their work and childcare. The frames used by the parents to discuss the children's transitions were stabilising the children's lives, balancing between staying at home and attending ECEC and adjusting to norms and rules. The diversity of families' experiences and their children's transitions during the early years should be considered when developing family policy and ECEC services.     

隔代照料对农村祖辈健康的影响效应及其性别差异

基于2011－2018年CHARLS四期面板数据，使用固定效应模型和工具变量方法相结合的因果识别策略，实证检验了隔代照料对农村祖辈身心健康的影响效应及其性别差异，考察了居住安排模式在隔代照料和祖辈健康关系中的调节作用，并进一步探讨了隔代照料影响祖辈健康的潜在机制路径。结果显示，总体来看，隔代照料对农村祖辈生理健康和心理健康均会产生显著的负向影响。与低强度照料相比，高强度照料更可能对祖辈身心健康产生显著的不利影响。隔代照料的负向健康效应在祖母群体中比在祖父群体中更高。不与子女同住但与孙辈同住会强化隔代照料的负向健康效应，而与子女同住则会显著缓解隔代照料的负向健康效应。居住安排模式对隔代照料健康效应的上述调节作用在祖母群体中更为显著。促进社会参与和增加代际经济支持是缓解隔代照料负向健康效应的重要路径。在农村祖辈参与隔代照料愈发普遍的背景下，未来可以通过下述政策措施促进农村祖辈实现积极老龄化和健康老龄化：第一，进一步提高农村公共幼托服务可及性；第二，针对参与隔代照料的祖母群体展开照料能力建设和健康干预；第三，消除制度障碍促进流动人口子女随迁，降低农村隔代家庭比例；第四，通过文化倡导和制度激励来鼓励成年子女给予祖辈更多的经济和情感支持。