The relevance of institutions and people’s preferences in the PSNP and IN-SCT programmes in Ethiopia

The effective implementation of social protection interventions is key for achieving positive change. The existing literature mainly focuses on issues related to programme design and impact, rather than the factors that influence the emergence, expansion and provision of these programmes. This article builds on the recent literature that indicates that the quality of institutions and people’s preferences play an important role in the implementation of social protection. It does so by using Ethiopia and its Productive Safety Net Programme – one of the largest social protection programmes in sub-Saharan Africa – as a case study, thereby contributing to debates on how to implement social protection more effectively, particularly in settings of widespread poverty and relatively low levels of institutional capacity. Based on primary qualitative data, the article finds that greater institutional quality at the local level is associated with the more effective provision of social protection. The ability of community members and social protection clients to voice preferences can lead to adaptations in implementation, although the extent to which this occurs is highly gendered.     

Judging parental competence: A cross‐country analysis of judicial decision makers' written assessment of mothers' parenting capacities in newborn removal cases

This paper examines the discretionary reasoning of the judiciary in three jurisdictions, England, Germany and Norway, in cases deciding whether a newborn child is safe with her parents or intervention is necessary. Our analysis focuses on one specific dimension of decision makers' exercise of discretion, namely, if and how the strengths and weaknesses of the mother are considered. The data material consists of all decisions concerning care orders of newborns from one large city in Germany from 2015 to 2017 (n = 27) and 2016 in Norway (n = 76) and all publicly available newborn removal decisions in England for 2015–2017 (n = 14). The findings reveal a high number of risk factors in the cases and less focus on risk‐reducing factors. The situation of the newborn is considered to be harmful, as most cases result in a care order. Judicial discretion differs by how much information, and what types of factors, are included in the justification for the decision. A learning point for decision makers and policymakers would be to actively undertake a balancing act between risk‐increasing and risk‐reducing factors.     

Japanese Children's Reasoning about Conflicts with Parents

Ninety-five Japanese children (aged 6–12) were interviewed using hypothetical stories to examine their reasoning about parent–child conflicts. Participants were most likely to reject parental authority and to support child's discretion in conflict situations where the parent interfered in the child's personal choice and gave the child commands that violated moral and conventional principles. However, participants were most likely to accept parental authority when the child's wish conflicted with the parent's moral concern. Participants' reasoning was more varied when the child's wish went against the parent's conventional demand. Consistent with their cultural values, participants considered harmonious relationships in evaluating conventional and personal conflicts, but not moral conflicts. Age differences were observed in the endorsement of personal choice. Results suggest that children do not simply act upon their cultural values but also show resistance to parental authority for reasons beyond meeting selfish needs and form differentiated judgments about parent–child conflicts.     

基于异质生产要素模型对农民工与城镇劳动力关系的研究

随着进城农民工数量的增加,农民工与城镇劳动力的关系研究显得十分必要。农民工与城镇劳动力各具不同的人力资源禀赋,属于异质生产要素。基于改进的异质生产要素模型,利用希克斯互补弹性公式计算,结果显示两者主要表现为互补性,因而农民工与城镇劳动力两者总体上是相容的。积极发展城镇化,鼓励农民工进城并实现身份的转变,统筹城乡劳动力市场管理,合理配置劳动力资源具有十分重要的意义。     

An Empirical Analysis of Monitoring Behaviour and Private Benefits of Investors in the Spanish Market

The objective of our study is to look for anequilibrium among three factors: the privatebenefits that main shareholders can obtain fromthe firm, the social benefits derived from acertain ownership structure (such assupervision and alignment of interests) and thecosts derived from ownership concentration(such as loss of liquidity and riskdiversification). Our empirical analysis allowsus to conclude that the supervisory role ofownership is more intense in firms where thepotential conflict of interest betweenshareholders and managers is greater, andtherefore the value of the firm can beincreased through a specific composition of itsshareholders.     

Is there a relationship between burnout and objective performance? A critical review of 16 studies

Previous research has suggested that high levels of burnout lead to impaired functioning on the job. However, as this research has usually relied on self-reported performance, it is imperative to examine whether this association is also confirmed when using “objective” performance data (e.g., supervisor reports). This study reviewed previous research on the associations between burnout (exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) and various types of objective performance. A systematic literature search identified 16 studies dealing with the burnout-performance relationship. These studies showed the wide variety of approaches that are used to study burnout and objective performance. Using data from these 16 studies, a meta-analysis was conducted to obtain mean correlations. The meta-analytical correlations between exhaustion and in-role behaviour (based on five studies), organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB; five studies), and customer satisfaction (two studies) were -.22, -.19, and -.55, respectively, underlining the practical relevance of burnout research for organizational performance. The evidence for the relationships between depersonalization, personal accomplishment, and performance was inconclusive. Future research should focus on valid indicators of job performance, should more often employ longitudinal designs and large samples, and should consider the theoretical basis for the study expectations more extensively.     

我国企业知识型员工知识转移的影响因素实证研究

本文在我国企业428名知识型员工问卷调查的基础上,首先用因素分析的方法,证实了我国企业知识型员工的知识转移动机包括:兴趣动机、个人成就感、个人利益和组织情感四个维度;然后,利用结构方程模型对影响知识转移的主要因素及其效应进行了分析.研究结果对我国企业促进内部知识转移的制度设计有一定的参考价值.     

基于弱势群体概念模型的我国农民工健康问题研究

将农民工健康问题纳入弱势群体概念模型分析框架,依据13个省份的545个农民工调查数据,实证分析了农民工健康状况及其影响因素。研究结果表明,农民工健康状况不容乐观,资源可用性、相关风险和农民工健康状况三个因素相互作用,社会资源、经济资源和环境资源可用性与农民工健康之间存在显著的正相关关系,生活状况、基本医疗和生存压力等相关风险显著影响了农民工健康。     

浅议高校党务工作者如何保持先进性

党中央开展保持共产党员先进性教育活动为高校进一步加强党建工作指明了方向。立足高校党建工作实际,分析高校党务工作者在新形势下如何保持先进性并提出具体的努力方向是十分必要的。     

农民工政治参与边缘化的原因探析

农民工的政治参与问题不仅关系到他们的切身权益,而且事关国家和社会的稳定。现实生活中,农民工的政治权利长期受到损害,农民工的政治参与正在从农村和城市走向边缘化。本文以政治参与和社会流动理论为研究背景,从户籍制度、边缘人地位、利益关联度和政治效能感四个方面对当前我国农民工政治参与的制约因素进行了深入分析,从而有针对性地提出解决这一社会问题的途径。