The Subjectivity of Fairness: Managerial Discretion and Work–Life Balance

We use organizational justice theory to examine how perceptions of fairness affect the decision‐making process of line managers. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 35 Irish managers to explore how managers make organizational allocation decisions in cases where it is impractical to offer work–life balance accommodations to all employees. The findings suggest that firstly, managers construct the ‘life’ aspect of work–life balance within a heteronormative framework, where the emphasis is on caregiving and most usually parenting. Secondly, managers actively use their decision‐making powers around both formal and informal work–life balance supports to minimize injustice within their departments. By bringing together ideas about organizational justice and managerial decision‐making, we indicate how managers determine fairness through a decision‐making process narrowed by embedded gender role beliefs. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.     

Japanese Children's Reasoning about Conflicts with Parents

Ninety-five Japanese children (aged 6–12) were interviewed using hypothetical stories to examine their reasoning about parent–child conflicts. Participants were most likely to reject parental authority and to support child's discretion in conflict situations where the parent interfered in the child's personal choice and gave the child commands that violated moral and conventional principles. However, participants were most likely to accept parental authority when the child's wish conflicted with the parent's moral concern. Participants' reasoning was more varied when the child's wish went against the parent's conventional demand. Consistent with their cultural values, participants considered harmonious relationships in evaluating conventional and personal conflicts, but not moral conflicts. Age differences were observed in the endorsement of personal choice. Results suggest that children do not simply act upon their cultural values but also show resistance to parental authority for reasons beyond meeting selfish needs and form differentiated judgments about parent–child conflicts.     

基于异质生产要素模型对农民工与城镇劳动力关系的研究

随着进城农民工数量的增加,农民工与城镇劳动力的关系研究显得十分必要。农民工与城镇劳动力各具不同的人力资源禀赋,属于异质生产要素。基于改进的异质生产要素模型,利用希克斯互补弹性公式计算,结果显示两者主要表现为互补性,因而农民工与城镇劳动力两者总体上是相容的。积极发展城镇化,鼓励农民工进城并实现身份的转变,统筹城乡劳动力市场管理,合理配置劳动力资源具有十分重要的意义。     

Bonding and Bridging Social Capital Development by Social Workers

ABSTRACT

Developing service users’ bonding and bridging social capital is an increasingly recognized role of social workers. A survey of 570 Chinese service users, sampled from 41 social service units in Hong Kong, provided data for the study. Results demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity in a confirmatory factor model about the measurement of bonding and bridging social capital development, mutuality, and assistance to the community. This evidence for the validity and usefulness of social capital development endorses social workers’ role in developing service users’ social capital. Further research needs to assess the generalizability of the present findings in other sociocultural settings.     

An Empirical Analysis of Monitoring Behaviour and Private Benefits of Investors in the Spanish Market

The objective of our study is to look for anequilibrium among three factors: the privatebenefits that main shareholders can obtain fromthe firm, the social benefits derived from acertain ownership structure (such assupervision and alignment of interests) and thecosts derived from ownership concentration(such as loss of liquidity and riskdiversification). Our empirical analysis allowsus to conclude that the supervisory role ofownership is more intense in firms where thepotential conflict of interest betweenshareholders and managers is greater, andtherefore the value of the firm can beincreased through a specific composition of itsshareholders.     

Is there a relationship between burnout and objective performance? A critical review of 16 studies

Previous research has suggested that high levels of burnout lead to impaired functioning on the job. However, as this research has usually relied on self-reported performance, it is imperative to examine whether this association is also confirmed when using “objective” performance data (e.g., supervisor reports). This study reviewed previous research on the associations between burnout (exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) and various types of objective performance. A systematic literature search identified 16 studies dealing with the burnout-performance relationship. These studies showed the wide variety of approaches that are used to study burnout and objective performance. Using data from these 16 studies, a meta-analysis was conducted to obtain mean correlations. The meta-analytical correlations between exhaustion and in-role behaviour (based on five studies), organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB; five studies), and customer satisfaction (two studies) were -.22, -.19, and -.55, respectively, underlining the practical relevance of burnout research for organizational performance. The evidence for the relationships between depersonalization, personal accomplishment, and performance was inconclusive. Future research should focus on valid indicators of job performance, should more often employ longitudinal designs and large samples, and should consider the theoretical basis for the study expectations more extensively.     

大学生现状对思想政治工作者的素质要求

调查表明,大学生现状发生了一系列变化,表现在:知识需求的多向度;价值取向的多元性;社会观念心理因素在愿 望与玩笑之间的差距、矛盾;问题分析能力存在肤浅、片面性;一般来说都怀有较高的政治热情。这些变化要求高校思想政治工 作者加强磨炼过硬的政治素质,高尚的思想道德素质、深厚的知识素质,较强的能力素质。     

我国企业知识型员工知识转移的影响因素实证研究

本文在我国企业428名知识型员工问卷调查的基础上,首先用因素分析的方法,证实了我国企业知识型员工的知识转移动机包括:兴趣动机、个人成就感、个人利益和组织情感四个维度;然后,利用结构方程模型对影响知识转移的主要因素及其效应进行了分析.研究结果对我国企业促进内部知识转移的制度设计有一定的参考价值.     

北京市政府救助困难职工问题探析(1959-1963)

1959-1963年是中国经济、社会处于极端困难的时期,困难职工也大量增加。在这种形势下,党和政府投入巨额资金和大量精力对困难职工实施了积极、及时的救助。救助工作不仅帮助困难职工度过了暂时的生活困难,而且密切了党同群众的关系,鼓舞了职工战胜困难的信心和勇气,促进了生产的恢复和发展,保证了社会秩序的稳定。     

论再就业工程与劳动市场建设

在原有劳动力市场理论研究的基础上 ,从经济体制改革、产业结构调整、以及知识经济发展的角度出发 ,深入探索了实施再就业工程对我国社会主义建设的重要性、紧迫性和战略性 ,并试图理清再就业工程与劳动力市场建设的关系。提出了解决中国劳动就业保障 ,体现工人阶级主人翁地位的根本出路在于把劳动工人转变为资本工人