农民工返乡创业风险的生成逻辑

农民工返乡创业风险既有个体风险，也有社会风险。基于农民工返乡创业失败典型案例，利用风险感知、风险传递和风险的社会放大等理论，聚焦风险酝酿期、风险发展期与风险爆发期，深入剖析不同类型农民工返乡创业风险的相异阶段生成逻辑脉络。其中，农民工返乡创业个体风险生成大致遵循“个体层面因素驱动-风险感知直接偏差-风险传递扩散-个体发展损害”脉络；农民工返乡创业社会风险生成大致遵循“社会层面因素推动-风险感知间接偏差-风险的社会放大-社会发展损害”脉络。因而，针对不同类型农民工返乡创业风险治理，需强化精准思维和整体性治理导向，应以风险治理共同体为“翘板”,助推农民工返乡创业风险治理协作。     

The relationship between employer‐provided training and the retention of older workers: Evidence from Germany

A substantial portion of Germany's workforce will soon retire, making it difficult for businesses to meet their human capital needs; training older workers may help to manage this demographic transition. The authors therefore examine the relationships between employer‐provided training programmes, wages and retirement among older workers. They find that when establishments offer special training programmes targeted at these workers, women – especially low‐paid women – are less likely to retire, possibly because of consequent wage growth. Their results suggest that such targeted training can indeed play an important role in retaining low‐wage older women and advancing their careers.     

A Pilot Study About the Needs of Older Gays and Lesbians

Abstract

In a pilot study, a population of gay and lesbian elders were surveyed to determine what types of long term plans they have made in preparation for their old age, what types of information they feel service providers need to know to better meet their long-term needs, and what is their perception of aging. The results of this pilot study demonstrated that almost three-fourths of the total sample have started to make plans for growing old. The respondents reported that social workers needed to be more knowledgeable about gay lifestyles and the importance of their partners. It was also found that the views of aging became more positive as the gay and lesbian individuals grow older.     

工人工资决定因素前沿研究综述

劳动者工资如何决定是劳动力经济学中的一个核心问题。本文依据现有的研究文献并加上个人的理解,对工人工资决定因素的前沿文献研究进行梳理和归纳。工人工资主要受制于三个方面因素:工人自身的人力资本特征、市场(或企业)特征以及工人与企业(市场)之间的互动关系。工人自身的人力资本特征是工人获得工资的基础,工人与企业(市场)之间的互动关系反映的是企业(市场)与工人的信息学习和工作安排比较优势在工资决定机制中的作用,市场特征反映的是制度层面对工人工资的影响。工人工资的形成是多种因素共同作用的结果。     

A case–control study relating railroad worker mortality to diesel exhaust exposure using a threshold regression model

A case–control study of lung cancer mortality in U.S. railroad workers in jobs with and without diesel exhaust exposure is reanalyzed using a new threshold regression methodology. The study included 1256 workers who died of lung cancer and 2385 controls who died primarily of circulatory system diseases. Diesel exhaust exposure was assessed using railroad job history from the US Railroad Retirement Board and an industrial hygiene survey. Smoking habits were available from next-of-kin and potential asbestos exposure was assessed by job history review. The new analysis reassesses lung cancer mortality and examines circulatory system disease mortality. Jobs with regular exposure to diesel exhaust had a survival pattern characterized by an initial delay in mortality, followed by a rapid deterioration of health prior to death. The pattern is seen in subjects dying of lung cancer, circulatory system diseases, and other causes. The unique pattern is illustrated using a new type of Kaplan–Meier survival plot in which the time scale represents a measure of disease progression rather than calendar time. The disease progression scale accounts for a healthy-worker effect when describing the effects of cumulative exposures on mortality.     

我国知识型员工激励研究述评

以我国学者关于知识型员工激励的研究文献为基础,对当前我国知识型员工激励研究的方法、知识型员工的内涵和特征、激励因素和激励策略以及激励的难点等方面进行总结和回顾,并提出了对知识型员工进行有效激励的相应建议.     

我国农民工对养老保险的认知和意愿调查

农民工是我国城乡建设中重要的人力资源,是乡村发展的先进生产力和主力军,本文通过对安徽省桐城市安全村农民工对养老保险认知情况的调查,发现目前我国农民工对养老保险的认知程度很低,养老保险意愿很薄弱。表明我国农民工的社会福利待遇差,乡村养老保险实施的程度低,文章在此基础上提出了针对性的建议。     

论建筑领域农民工劳动保护机制的建立与完善--以重庆建筑业261位农民工为例

建筑业是农民工进城务工人员集中的领域,由于二元劳动力市场的存在,他们没有享受到与城镇建筑职工同等的待遇,在劳动保护方面还十分欠缺。本文分析建筑领域农民工劳动保护现状,探讨劳动保护不足的原因,提出完善农民工劳动保护的措施。     

农民工政治参与边缘化的原因探析

农民工的政治参与问题不仅关系到他们的切身权益,而且事关国家和社会的稳定。现实生活中,农民工的政治权利长期受到损害,农民工的政治参与正在从农村和城市走向边缘化。本文以政治参与和社会流动理论为研究背景,从户籍制度、边缘人地位、利益关联度和政治效能感四个方面对当前我国农民工政治参与的制约因素进行了深入分析,从而有针对性地提出解决这一社会问题的途径。     

劳务派遣中受遣员工权利保护法律问题探讨

劳务派遣是一种新型用工方式,它改变了传统劳动关系中用人单位与劳动者之间的法律地位,不加规制的劳务派遣使劳动者陷于一种极为不利的状况,如何厘清劳务派遣中当事人之间的权利义务关系是立法的关键,从多层面保护劳动者是劳务派遣立法的应有之义。