社会公平视野下的行政自由裁量——自由裁量伦理困境的解构分析

行政自由裁量权是现代各国行政法中最具共性的部分,是实现政府职能所必需的权力。行政自由裁量权与其他行政权一样,在其运行过程中。不可避免地会产生正反两方面的作用．出现自由裁量的伦理困境,从伦理的角度来看．社会公平对于行政自由裁量极具重要价值。     

Family support as a working style in child protection in Italy: A comparative study on social workers' child welfare attitudes

Comparative studies on child protection decision-making highlight the implications and determinants of differences in child welfare systems internationally and reinforce discussions regarding child protection practices and family support when a child is exposed to inadequate parental care. To date, Italian child protection studies have highlighted a system characterised by a strong degree of variability related to the absence of practices shared nationally. Differently, this comparative study focuses more on similarities within the Italian context, seeking to understand how they influence practices. The opinions of 188 Italian social workers with respect to the substantiation of maltreatment, risk assessment and intervention recommendations were compared with the results of a recent study involving practitioners in Israel, Northern Ireland, Spain and the Netherlands. The main outcomes show that Italian social workers prefer a family support orientation, meaning that children are usually removed from their home only if necessary and generally with the aim of reunification with their families. The study also reveals that Italian professionals are more in favour of residential care than foster care.     

技术变革时代劳动治理的新转向:基于新技术工人的演生分析

现代科技发展不断带给人类劳动与社会生产以挑战。伴随技术变革下的产业转型升级,智能技术的应用催生了新技术工人群体的涌现,这给当前社会经济发展中劳动治理议题提出了新的转向。现有研究较为集中考察了新时期劳动者个体层面的现象问题,而较少从劳动治理视角探讨技术革新对于当前劳动者群体产生的整体性影响及其演化过程。基于对技术范式与劳动关系互动的理论辨析,从建构新技术工人的理想类型出发,通过对互构型、协助型、控制型和灵活型共四类技术工人的演生分析,分别从工作自由度与工作自发性的维度来探讨技术进步对当代劳动者的变迁影响,具体体现为新技术影响下的科技行业、智能制造业与平台经济等新兴行业。新技术的引进创造了许多新兴职业与工作岗位,不断促进劳动者技能发展的变迁与工作实践的创新,但同时也产生了一定的职业风险与劳动保障问题。因此在国家治理能力现代化建设的语境下,相关政府部门在地方实践与劳动治理层面,应当充分重视并针对不同类型技术工人特点,建立相应的技能更新与社会保护机制,完善技术监管与劳动治理政策,促进新技术更好地赋能劳动者,推动制定新劳动业态的法律法规政策,以积极应对技术变革时代带来的诸多挑战,从而为实现中国式现代化提供可行的路径。     

Promoting the associational power of workers in globalized production networks: A missed opportunity

The author discusses the capacity of labour NGOs to strengthen the associational power of Chinese workers in globalized production networks by using their leverage to pressure multinationals into launching programmes to elect workers’ committees in factories. Based on an empirical survey conducted between 2012 and 2019 in southern China, he shows that such programmes helped to raise workers’ awareness of collective action and strengthen their agency, but that they ground to a halt in the face of the structural inequality of the production system, the lack of institutional protection for elected representatives and a hardening regime.     

Improving the protection of migrant workers with work histories in the European Union and Ibero-America: Enhancing the coordination of international social security instruments

Migration affects almost every nation, emphasizing the need to guarantee social security rights for all migrants and their families. This article focuses on the rights of workers who migrate between the countries of the European Union (EU) and the Ibero-American community. In the EU, social security systems are increasingly coordinated through Regulation No. 883/2004 and its Implementing Regulation No. 987/2009. In the Ibero-American community, coordination is sought through the Ibero-American Social Security Convention. Despite convergence between these two international instruments, coordination is still lacking between them. This article presents a comparative analysis to articulate the necessary mechanisms to guarantee coordination, to respect the social security rights of migrant workers. We focus on the cooperation and coordination between regional as well as national systems, specifically looking at the need for and aims of a rapprochement between these two major international coordination instruments to provide greater EU-Ibero-American cooperation. Finally, the importance of promoting greater international cooperation in social security policy and administration is highlighted, to engender the adequate protection of the rights as well as the free movement of migrant workers.     

平台从业者劳动权益保障的“中间路径”--英国Uber案之借鉴

2021年2月,英国最高法院最终认定Uber司机属于英国立法上的类雇员。纵观Uber案,英国将平台从业者纳入类雇员这一中间保护类别,赋予其部分劳动权益,由此确立了这一群体劳动权益的保障路径。我国传统劳动关系二分法所采取的“要么全保护,要么不保护”已无法有效调整平台用工关系。对此,未来我国可借鉴英国经验,设立中间保护类别,并确定该类别的认定标准,将平台从业者纳入其调整范围,赋予这一群体最低工资、职业安全保障等基本权益。     

Child and Youth Coaching in families experiencing complex and multiple problems: A longitudinal evaluation study

Studies investigating services for families experiencing complex and multiple problems have emphasized the need for more child-centred support. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate whether providing child-centred services (Child and Youth Coaching) combined with family-focused services (Ten for the Future) is effective for children growing up in families experiencing complex and multiple problems. Children's psychosocial skills, emotional and behavioural problems, and the quality of their pedagogical environment were measured at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. Parent and coach reports of children indicated for Child and Youth Coaching (n = 57) and nonindicated children (n = 18) were analysed using repeated measures multilevel models. Both parents and coaches reported improved psychosocial skills of children, but changes were only significant for coach reports. In both reports, no significant decrease in emotional and behavioural problems was observed for both indicated and nonindicated children. Many children still experienced considerable problems at case closure. Furthermore, no significant improvement in quality of the pedagogical environment was observed in both groups. Given the limitations in this study, more research is needed to identify whether these findings can be replicated and attributed to the Child and Youth Coaching and Ten for the Future programmes.     

论新中国成立以来的银幕劳模形象变迁

新中国成立70余年来,劳动模范作为中国独有的身份与形象,不间断地出现在银幕上,成为中国电影中的典型形象之一.自新中国成立后,劳动模范形象在银幕中的呈现并不是单质的、统一的,而是表现出明显的阶段性分期特征,这既与不同时期的时代母题和政治要求有关,又关乎创作者的心态.具体来讲,"十七年"时期电影中的劳动模范形象是一种集体奋进意识和"竞赛精神"的典型代表;新时期伊始,在市场化浪潮的冲击下,银幕中的劳动模范在日常生活中凸显出社交受阻、身份位移等现象;如今,劳动模范形象经历了概念拓展与价值升维,不仅创作手法多元,形象也趋于主流化,并以一种"情感真实"的面貌与观众建立起交流与对话的空间.