公正与正义的辨异论略

公正和正义是一组经常被混用的概念。由于译介、解释和概念论方面的模糊,公正和正义的内涵分析尚没有形成相对独立的话语体系。正确地认识公正和正义的区别,是一个政治哲学和价值哲学的基本问题。从概念维度、价值维度和论域维度等三个角度看,公正是一个政治生活的评价范畴,是一种多维价值的认识范畴,存在于入场的价值活动中;而正义则是一个伦理生活的评价范畴,是一种单一的价值信仰,存在于离场的价值评价中。科学、准确地区分公正和正义,应是公正理论的必要前提和有效路径。     

Badiou and the philosophy of social work: a reply to Stephen Webb

Imre R. Badiou and the philosophy of social work: a reply to Stephen Webb Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 253–258 © 2010 The Author, Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. Stephen Webb's recent article ‘Against diversity and difference in social work’ claims that the work of Alain Badiou has the potential to be of great use in social work practice. Webb is faced with the problem of a discourse that has eroded any practical meaning attached to notions of diversity and difference, he laments the ‘ethical turn’ in social work practice and blames post‐modernism. Webb views the work of Badiou as a way to reinvigorate social work practice. I claim that Badiou's Being and Event is exclusive to ontology. Connections between Being and Event and possible ‘uses’ of Badiou's subtractive ontology, as an instrumentalisation, are not worthwhile. Critiquing Badiou's non‐ontological philosophies and political polemics is a better way to assess the practicality of his thought outside of his ontology. Webb's conflation of post‐modernism, neoliberalism and the difference, diversity and ethics discourse is also problematic and is critiqued here.     

我国家事纠纷多元化解决机制的评析与构建

婚姻家庭争议解决机制是一个非常复杂的系统,其纠纷解决类型都呈现多样性与广泛性的特点。本文对我国目前家事纠纷解决机制的现状和问题进行了梳理,并从功能与价值上阐述了家事纠纷解决机制具有独特化、非诉化、多元化的特点,最后对如何建立与完善多元化家事纠纷机制提出自己的思考。     

论T. S.艾略特的文化自然发展观

T.S.艾略特文化思想的第一要素就是非理性建构的文化自然发展观和超时空的大文化观。历时性的前者重历史,保传统,主张文化无为而治,自然进化;共时性的后者指统一文化与地方文化的辨证结合。这两个方面构成了他保守主义性质的文化渐进主义,尤其展现在他的文学发展史观、美学观和诗歌创作实践之中。     

族群多样性与经济增长——基于经济学视角的综述

文章回顾了关于族群多样性和经济增长关系的一系列文献,由于研究对象、前提假设、指标选择上的不同,学者们得到了不同的结论。一开始的研究结论更倾向于认为族群多样性对经济增长有负面影响,但这一结论没有得到后续研究的有力支持。学者们开始转向研究族群多样性和经济增长的间接影响,以及将族群多样性看做内生变量,分析两者的关系。文章主要从以下几个方面进行了回顾总结：一是族群多样性的识别标准、测度方法;二是族群多样性影响经济增长的渠道;三是分析族群多样性对经济增长产生影响的理论基础和研究框架。最后为国内相关研究提出了几点建议。     

对公立高校融资渠道多元化的探析

高等教育经费不足成为了阻碍高等教育发展的重要瓶颈,作为解决经费问题的高等教育融资渠道多元化同时也成为了一个普遍性的趋势。公立高校要积极应对这种趋势,研究探索新的融资渠道,以促进高等教育的可持续发展。     

Attitudes Toward Parenthood,Partnership, and Social Rights for Diverse Families: Evidence From a Pilot Study in Five Countries

Attitudes toward the civil and social citizenship rights of individuals in diverse family forms are underresearched. We use cross-national data from a pilot study among students in Denmark, Spain, Croatia, Italy, and the Netherlands to explore cross-country differences in beliefs about partnership, parenthood, and social rights of same-sex couples vs. heterosexual couples or married vs. cohabiting couples. The results suggest a polarization in students’ attitudes between countries that appear more traditional (i.e., Italy and Croatia) and less traditional (Spain and the Netherlands), where the rights of married heterosexual couples are privileged over other family forms more so than in nontraditional countries. Moreover, equality in social rights is generally more widely accepted than equality in civil rights, particularly in relationship to parenthood rights and in more traditional countries. We discuss the implications of these findings and the implications for further research in this underexplored area of attitudinal research.     

Making Diversity Conform? An Intersectional,Longitudinal Analysis of LGBT-Specific Mainstream Media Advertisements

This study introduces an intersectional analysis of explicit LGBT portrayals in mainstream advertising between 2009 and 2015. The analysis provides insights into the (in)visibility of the LGBT community over a period of significant social change. It finds that although the number of explicit representations of LGBT characters has risen dramatically, 230 out of 240 intersections of sexuality, class, age, and race remain invisible. In using a new ad format—human interest ads—advertisers move away from hypersexualization, toward real individuals’ stories of love and families. Nonetheless, the analysis highlights how the erasure of multiply marginalized groups in mainstream advertising continues to perpetuate a heteronormative, domesticized version of “gayness” and discusses the adverse effects that lie herein. It is proposed that non-LGBT consumers are the underlying target group of LGBT-explicit advertising, causing non-target market effects that alienate large parts of the LGBT community despite their overt inclusion.     

Development and Validation of the ADAS Scale and Prediction of Attitudes Toward Affective-Sexual Diversity Among Spanish Secondary Students

Violence against non-heterosexual adolescents in educational contexts remains a worrying reality, but no adequate attitudes toward affective-sexual diversity (AtASD) measure exists for Spanish adolescent students. We developed a 27-item scale including cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects, which was completed by 696 secondary school students from the Madrid area. Factor analyses suggested a unidimensional model, Cronbach’s alpha indicated excellent scale scores reliability, and item calibration under the item response theory framework showed that the scale is especially informative for homophobic attitudes. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that variables traditionally related to AtASD (gender, age, religion, nationality, perceived parental/peer attitudes, direct contact with LGB people) also were so in our sample. Moreover, interest in sexuality topics and perceived center’s efforts to provide AtASD education were related to better AtASD. Our scale was reliable and valid, and it may also prove useful in efforts to detect those students with homophobic attitudes and to guide interventions.     

Building racial bridges? Social capital among community gardeners in US food deserts

This study examined the relationship between race and racial diversity on social capital in community gardens located in food deserts in the southeastern region of the USA. Using snowball methods, a sample of 52 gardeners who represented 10 community gardens was obtained. Cross‐level regression models were performed using two different aspects of social capital: one’s “sense of community” and the “number of resources” a gardener could obtain from fellow gardeners, as dependent variables. Results indicate that community gardens are excellent vehicles for promoting one’s sense of community regardless of one’s race or a garden’s racial composition. In contrast, community gardens were less likely to increase the number of resources. It took longer and more effort to access a greater number of resources while increased perceptions of racial diversity had a negative relationship with number of resources.