减员真能增效?多层面情境因素研究

减员越来越多地成为企业优化员工队伍、提高劳动效率、增强组织竞争力的一种重要手段。尽管国内外不乏对减员效果的研究,但关于减员与组织绩效关系的结论并不一致。事实上,减员有效性受多种情境因素的影响。因此,从权变理论的视角,对影响减员有效性的行业、组织、个体因素进行系统识别与全面剖析尤为必要。就行业层面而言,行业类型、行业动态性和行业增长性等因素会对减员有效性产生不同方向和不同程度的影响;就组织层面而言,组织冗余、人力资源管理系统和减员策略等因素会调节减员与组织绩效的关系;就个体层面而言,领导者、被裁者与幸存者的特征都会影响减员的有效性。针对这些情境因素,企业应综合调整策略方针,以尽可能实现减员增效的目的。     

服务营销--大规模定制战略的营销新模式

在新经济时代里,随着科技的进步和经济的发展,市场竞争逐渐由卖方市场过渡到买方市场,一般的技术优势、产品优势已无法取得足够的竞争力,而大规模定制战略的营销新模式把服务与产品有机地相结合,既可以创造产品的差异性,也可以增加产品的附加值,从而增强企业核心竞争优势,这就是戴尔公司获得成功的关键因素之一.     

论农业多样性与农业可持续发展

以农产品供给、需求和价格的多样性为基础 ,论述了农业多样性的内涵和经济功能 ,分析了农业多样性与可持续发展的关系。结果表明 :农业系统的多样性可以为农业可持续发展提供物质保障 ,并提出保护农业多样性以及促进其可持续发展的途径。     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed: L.A. Reese and K.E. Lindenberg, Implementing Sexual Harassment Policy: Challenges for the Public Sector Workplace Amy Flowers, The Fantasy Factory: An Insider's View of the Phone Sex Industry Helinä Melkas and Richard Anker, Gender Equality and Occupational Segregation in Nordic Labour Markets John Denton, Organisational Learning and Effectiveness Carol Lee Bacchi, Women, Policy and Politics     

员工多元化对团队信息分享的影响机制研究——社会观点采择的中介作用分析

社会观点采择是个体区分自己与他人的观点（视角）,并进而根据当前或先前的信息对他人的观点（视角）作出准确推断的能力。文章着力探讨了不同类型的多元化对于团队信息分享的影响,并将社会观点采择引入员工多元化的研究之中,以更好地了解员工多元化如何影响人们信息分享的水平,进而影响绩效。实证研究表明,多元化并不必然带来冲突,中国情境下团队成员年龄的多元化与社会观点采择、信息分享无显著相关关系,而教育程度多元化、工作风格的多元化则与社会观点采择与信息分享显著负相关,社会观点采择在员工多元化感知与信息分享中起到部分中介作用。文章最后探讨了实证结论带来的实践意义。     

文化的评价及其尺度

文化不论就其外部表现形态还是就其实质上看,都具有复杂多元的性质。在不同形态、不同性质的文化之间,是有着优与劣、先进与落后之分的。衡量文化的优与劣、先进与落后的标准和尺度在于它的科学性、合理性。一种文化是否先进,首先要看它是否有利于先进的生产方式与交换方式的生成,是否能促进先进的生产方式与交换方式的发展;其次要看它所蕴涵的价值诉求是否有利于人类种族的保存与促进种族的进化,是否有利于人类整体文明的提升,是否能促进人类整体的自由度的增强。在全球化背景下的文化交流与文化融合的过程中,对于各个不同的国家与民族来说,保持一种健康的民族文化的自信心与自觉性是非常重要的。只有对各种不同文化的性质、特点的认识达到一种理性自觉的状态,才能在文化交流、对话、碰撞、竞争的过程中做到既不自傲也不自卑、既不骄横也不盲从、扬优去劣、取长补短,达到文化整合与融合,实现相互促进与共同进步。     

庞德意象诗与中国古典诗歌

20世纪英美意象派诗歌的创始人埃兹拉.庞德深受中国古典诗歌的影响。以中国古典诗歌美学为支撑,庞德提出了以"意象"为其核心范畴的意象派理论。由于中西文学在社会文化、历史背景和审美价值体系等方面存在差异,庞德在接受中国古典诗歌影响时存在着一定的局限性。两者诗学理论主张有别,庞德意象诗与中国古典诗歌之间不可避免地存在差异。     

Color-blind Ideology and Perceptions of Minority Children During a Fictionalized Parent-Child Discipline Scene

Belief in color-blind ideology among 200 social service providers and its associations with their evaluations of a fictionalized minority family were examined. Perceptions of the family in the first scenes of the movie Crooklyn included the mother’s competency, abusiveness, supportiveness, and irresponsibility, as well as her children’s respectfulness, obedience, lack of control, and aggressiveness. Color-blind ideology was operationalized as participants’ reported degree of belief that differences should be ignored when encountering others. Significant associations were found between degree of belief in ignoring differences and perceptions of the children as aggressive and out of control. Therefore, as the tendency to believe in ignoring differences increased, the tendency to see the Crooklyn children as aggressive and out of control also increased. Imposing color-blind ideologies when evaluating minority children may be associated with increasingly negative perceptions, and therefore may not be in the children’s best interest. Implications for improving social service provision also are discussed.     

Education of people with disabilities: a capability-context framework of culture

People with disabilities find themselves at the margins of ideas on education in the rights-based and the agency-focused frameworks (the capability approach). This article socially situates the rights-based framework to extend agency as an educational opportunity to make it participatory in cross-cultural contexts, and individually locates the agency-focused framework to enhance agency as multi-dimensional educational experience-outcome journeys across cultural contexts. This extended scope of rights and enhanced capacity of agency is advanced as the capability-context framework of culture. The framework focuses on analytically distinct yet connected emerging agents with capabilities of both dialogical discourses (retrospective reflexivity – macro-mechanisms) and dialectic narratives (bounded participation – micro-structures), which can provide access to deep social structures, and their many ways of being (micro-mechanisms) and specific ways of doing (macro-structures) that enable, but also disable the social choices of people with disabilities, to open new possibilities for them, and for all across contexts.     

Geographies of Local Government Stress after the Great Recession

Local governments in the USA are facing increased levels of fiscal stress after the Great Recession. We conducted a national survey in 2012 to assess differences in sources of stress and service delivery responses (privatization, inter‐municipal co‐operation, and public delivery) across places. Our discriminant analysis on 1,889 US cities and counties contributes to the literature on state rescaling. We differentiate three types of stress: fiscal, housing market decline and demographic. Fiscal stress and demographic stress are linked and highest in metro core and rural places, while housing market decline is associated with population density and revenue diversification. Diverse revenue sources can ameliorate some of the fiscal challenges brought on by housing market decline. Regarding service delivery, we find privatization and co‐operation are higher in suburbs. State aid dependence is highest in rural and metro core areas with greater need, but decrease in state aid is highest in the South and West, where fiscal stress is also highest. Decentralization has exacerbated spatial inequality in the wake of the Great Recession challenging the efficiency claims of fiscal federalism. More redistributive state policies are needed.