论德国流亡文学研究中的政治化倾向问题——从流亡文学杂志《汇集》风波说起

围绕德国著名流亡文学杂志《汇集》所引发的风波及相关评论,显示出该领域研究存在着片面的主导思想和评论模式,即以是否公开声讨纳粹为评价标准,这种政治化倾向将一个错综复杂的历史产物简单化,不仅抹杀了流亡文学多样性构成这一客观存在,也否定了与纳粹斗争的多样性及其合法性和有效性。流亡作家的历史定位蕴含在这一称谓之中,流亡业已表明政治取向,作家通过作品来接受历史评价;流亡文学的历史定位不仅取决于对纳粹的挞伐,而且还在于对人道主义的捍卫。     

文化多样性视角下的性别平等

文化传统赋予了性别关系诸多复杂而深刻的社会内涵。文化多样性的现实存在,客观上要求生活在一定的文化传统之中的人要秉持文化自觉的基本理念,审慎对待自我与他者的文化传统对于性别平等关系的不同解读与表述,进而建构起符合自身文化特点的和谐的性别关系。     

现代教育视野下高师声乐授课形式的多样性

"一对一"授课模式是音乐教育的传统教学模式,面对新课程标准已不能满足日益增长的教学要求。目前高师声乐课堂存在教学形式单一,声乐授课模式陈旧,学生演唱乐感培养缺失等问题,针对这些问题提出多样性的高师声乐授课课堂,构建先进的高师声乐教学评价体系,进一步加快高师声乐课堂授课改革和建设的步伐。     

中国多民族文学的跨界研究

文章以国家社科基金重大项目《中国多民族文学的共同发展研究》的研讨为话题,阐述了在国家日益重视中华文化之多元性与差异性的语境下,研究多民族文学的共同发展具有重要意义。描述了该项目的立项背景,并结合项目开题报告和专家评审,分别对＂多民族文学＂与＂共同发展＂两个关键词展开讨论,指出该课题采取的跨界与整合的研究方法以及提出＂共同发展＂的文化关系,可望为目前处于转折与瓶颈阶段的中国民族文学研究提供新的视野。     

遗产研究:理论视角探索

近三十年来,遗产研究逐渐在世界范围内变成一个备受关注的学术议题。到目前为止,遗产研究已经形成了几个比较成熟的理论维度,包括遗产与历史、过去、现在的辩证关系,遗产的阐释,遗产政治与所有权,家园遗产与社区参与,遗产工业与旅游开发,等等。纵观学术界的研究成果,遗产研究是一个跨学科、多领域交叉、关注现实实践、应用性强的学科,因而,对遗产的研究应该特别注重对文化多元性及社会现实问题的观照。     

关系成分与地位获得——关系强度命题的理论拓展与经验检验

究竟是强关系抑或是弱关系更重要?对关系强度命题一直存在着不同的观点和证据。从社会交换的微观视角,指出传统观点仅仅偏重关系强度与嵌入性资源之间的关联,而忽视了其所反映的关系人帮助意愿与嵌入性资源水平对所动员社会资本的共同限制。基于总体社会结构之于社会位置的必要效率水平约束的宏观视角,强调入力资本之于社会资本因果机制的影响。提出了"关系成分假设":1)基于传统的社会资源因果作用机制,关系成分多样性与地位获得之间存在正向关联;2)基于以行动者人力资本水平为条件的节制性因果机制,关系成分多样性与地位获得正向关联,同时受到人力资本水平的节制。CGSS 2003数据和TSCS 972数据的观察结果支持"关系成分假设"。     

Welcoming Diversity? Symbolic Boundaries and the Politics of Normativity in Kansas City’s LGBTQ Communities

ABSTRACT

Using document analysis and ethnographic field work, this article examines the debate within the LGBTQ community of Kansas City over the decision to hold its Pride festival in the Power and Light District (P&L), a renewed downtown area with a controversial dress code. Despite the developers’ and city’s goals of creating a cosmopolitan urban space that welcomed diverse populations, the P&L acquired a reputation as an anti-Black, anti-queer space due to its dress code and redevelopment history. I argue that the debate surrounding this controversy reveals limits to notions of diversity and diverging approaches to sexual politics within the LGBTQ community that are normally obscured by political actors within the movement but that work to create symbolic boundaries that exclude “non-respectable” members of the LGBTQ population. Recovering queer perspectives allows us to imagine a more capacious definition of diversity and inclusion, both within the LGBTQ movement and in urban space.     

School ethnic diversity and White students’ civic attitudes in England

The current paper focuses on White British students in lower secondary education and investigates the effect of school ethnic diversity on their levels of trust and inclusive attitudes towards immigrants. Use is made of panel data of the Citizenship Education Longitudinal Study (CELS) to explore these relationships. Ethnic diversity is measured with the proportion of students in a grade identifying with a minority. In agreement with contact theory, the paper initially finds a positive relation between diversity and inclusive attitudes on immigrants. However, this link disappears once controls for social background, gender and prior levels of the outcome are included in the model. This indicates that students with particular pre-enrolment characteristics have self-selected in diverse schools and that inclusive attitudes have stabilized before secondary education. Diversity further appears to have a negative impact on trust, irrespective of the number of controls added to the model.     

Relational diversity and neighbourhood cohesion. Unpacking variety,balance and in-group size

Ethnic diversity is typically measured by the well-known Hirschman-Herfindahl Index. This paper discusses the merits of an alternative approach, which is in our view better suited to tease out why and how ethnic diversity matters. The approach consists of two elements. First, all existing diversity indices are non-relational. From the viewpoint of theoretical accounts that attribute negative diversity effects to in-group favoritism and out-group threat, it should however matter whether, given a certain level of overall diversity, an individual belongs to a minority group or to the dominant majority. We therefore decompose diversity by distinguishing the in-group share from the diversity of ethnic out-groups. Second, we show how generalized entropy measures can be used to test which of diversity’s two basic dimensions matters most: the variety of groups, or the unequal distribution (balance) of the population over groups. These measures allow us to test different theoretical explanations against each other, because they imply different expectations regarding the effects of in-group size, out-group variety, and out-group balance. We apply these ideas in an analysis of various social cohesion measures across 55 German localities and show that both in-group size and out-group diversity matter. For the native majority as well as for persons of immigration background, the variety component of diversity seems to be more decisive than has formerly been acknowledged. These findings provide little support for group threat and in-group favoritism as the decisive mechanisms behind negative diversity effects, and are most in line with the predictions of theories that emphasize coordination problems, asymmetric preferences, and network closure.     

One size does not fit all: organisational diversity in New Zealand tertiary sector ethics committees

New Zealand tertiary ethics committees may work from similar ethical principles but this article demonstrates that the way in which they operate is idiosyncratic. The paper builds on commentaries offered by current or former members of five New Zealand ethics committees on the organisation and practices of their committees. It examines differences among the committees with the aim of initiating an ongoing conversation about the work of ethics committees in the New Zealand context. It argues for the merits of diversity, transparency and openness as core principles for the work of ethics committees and as a platform for dealing with critique.