文化全球化:文化共融与发展的历史契机

在全球化的历史进程中,文化与经济的结合促进了世界文化、经济的日益发展,文化全球化与经济全球化相伴相生,而且文化作为基于国家实力之上的“软权力”,其地位与作用日益上升。全球化在给本土文化带来挑战的同时,也为多样文化的共融与发展提供了契机。     

Explaining relationships between ethnic diversity and informal social capital across European countries and regions: Tests of constrict, conflict and contact theory

In this study we focus on the relationship between ethnic diversity and informal social capital. As this refers to rather strong social ties in the intimate domain, it is a strict test of Putnam’s claim that ethnic diversity would decrease social capital. In order to explain these relationships, we derived mediating mechanisms from conflict and contact theory. Using data from the European Social Survey (2002/2003), we applied multilevel analyses considering three levels: individuals, regions and countries. Our results revealed a direct positive effect of ethnic diversity at the country level on informal helping, yet no indirect effect via the mediating variables. At the regional level, we only found an indirect effect of ethnic diversity. Here, ethnic diversity increases the likelihood of intergroup contact that in turn is positively related to both informal social meeting and helping. Perceived ethnic threat turned out to have a negative effect on informal social meeting.     

新时代“五位一体”铸牢中华民族共同体意识探究

中华民族共同体是中华民族在几千年历史长河中不断形成和发展起来的命运共同体,与之相伴而成的中华民族共同体意识是维护祖国统一,维护民族团结,实现中华民族这一大家庭繁荣昌盛的思想基础。“五位一体”总体布局着眼于“两个一百年”奋斗目标的全过程,全面推进经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设,实现以人为本,全面协调可持续的科学发展。新时代民族工作必须以铸牢中华民族共同体意识为主线,在铸牢中华民族共同体意识方面,我们要立足当代、立足国内国际新形势、利用优势、补齐短板、全方位的“五位一体”铸牢中华民族共同体意识,不断巩固民族大团结和各民族全面发展的胜利果实,保证中华民族永续繁荣发展。     

当代世界文化的多样性与统一性论略

人类文化是多样性与统一性的统一体。世界文化的多样性与统一性是辩证统一的。文化的多样性与统一性是同一种文化的两种属性,两者统一于具体的文化形态当中。当代世界文化的多样性与统一性有其时代蕴涵。在经济全球化时代,必须尊重世界文化的多样性和统一性。     

An agent-based model of indirect minority influence on social change and diversity

The present paper describes an agent-based model of indirect minority influence. It examines whether indirect minority influence can lead to social change as a function of cognitive rebalancing, a process whereby related attitudes are affected when one attitude is changed. An attitude updating algorithm was modelled with minimal assumptions drawing on social psychology theories of indirect minority influence. Results revealed that facing direct majority influence, indirect minority influence along with cognitive rebalancing is a recipe for social change. Furthermore, indirect minority influence promotes and maintains attitudinal diversity in local ingroups and throughout the society. We discuss the findings in terms of social influence theories and suggest promising avenues for model extensions for theory building in minority influence and social change.     

Top management team diversity and ambidexterity: The contingent role of shared responsibility and CEO cognitive trust

Earlier research has suggested that diversity is a double-edged sword when achieving organizational ambidexterity. While it may contribute to the development of new combinations of exploration and exploitation, it may also lead to disagreements and potential conflict within top management teams (TMTs). To improve our understanding of the effectiveness of diversity in ambidextrous organizations, we develop a synergistic perspective on TMT diversity and examine how two types of diversity – functional and age diversity – affect the achievement of organizational ambidexterity. We also identify shared responsibility and CEO cognitive trust as important contingencies that may complement the effects of diversity within TMTs in terms of resolving potential conflicts and managing tensions between exploration and exploitation effectively. Based on multisource data, our study shows that CEO cognitive trust and shared responsibility moderate the relationship between different types of diversity and ambidexterity. Our study has important implications for research on organizational ambidexterity, diversity, and senior leadership.     

Student attitudes towards diversity in Sweden

The aim of the research reported in this paper was to study and analyse student attitudes towards ethnic diversity and their expectations regarding the school in creating positive attitudes. The results show that the majority of the students embrace a positive attitude towards multicultural society. However, this attitude varies when the variables of gender and tracking level are examined. Most students support a strong stand for taking an active approach against racism in school. There is an undertone of an appeal to teachers to remove flyers and other signs of discrimination and racism. Students with a negative or monocultural attitude need teachers who can act as active role models in creating a multicultural attitude.

Den forskning som rapporteras i föreliggande artikel syftade till att studera och analysera elevers attityder till etniska relationer samt deras förväntningar på skolans roll med avseende på skapandet av positiva attityder. Resultatet visar att majoriteten av eleverna har en positiv inställning till det multikulturella samhället. Denna attityd varierar emellertid mellan olika grupper beroende på kön och studieinriktning. Majoriteten tar stark ställning för en aktiv hållning mot rasism från skolan. Det finns en underton av vädjan till lärarna att hjälpa till att få bort flygblad och andra tecken på diskriminering och rasism. Elever som har en negativ eller monokulturell attityd behöver lärare som kan vara aktiva förebilder för i skapandet av en multikulturell attityd.     

金沙江河谷民族文化多样性与和谐社会构建

金沙江河谷是彝、汉、傣、白、傈僳、苗等民族共存共生之地,民族文化多样性与生态的多样性互相联系。民族文化多样性的存在,是增进不同民族之间、不同语言系统之间、不同宗教信仰之间相互了解的潜在资源和内在动力,促进了人与自然和谐共生,推动各民族和渚共处和繁荣发展,有利于构建和谐社会。     

A multilevel perspective of the identity transition to motherhood

This study examines the identity transition of women when they become mothers and return to work. Twenty‐two first‐time mothers were interviewed at two points in time: just after giving birth and on re‐entry into employment after maternity leave. The findings suggest that this transition is influenced by multiple factors on different levels which include individual factors, such as partner support and career aspirations, organizational factors such as family‐friendly work practices and role models, and societal factors such as social norms and attitudes towards the maternal body. The findings highlight the importance of context by stressing the interrelated nature of factors on the micro‐, meso‐ and macro‐level in order to better understand the identity transition to motherhood.     

A critical examination of key assumptions underlying diversity and social justice courses in social work

This article examines underlying assumptions of Master of Social Work diversity and social justice courses as sites that embody social work’s dual projects of social justice and professionalization. Through a latent content analysis of course syllabi from 27 US-based social work programs, three key assumptions emerged: (1) social workers are members of dominant social groups; (2) cultural competency and anti-oppression are compatible frameworks; (3) self-awareness mitigates oppression. Findings reflect the reification of dominant culture groups in social work and promotion of individual-level skill development over structural change. Implications and recommendations for social work education and future research are discussed.