A Behavioral Approach to Organizational Change: Reinforcing Those Responsible for Facilitating the Climate and Hence Promoting Diversity

Despite the passage of the U.S. Civil Rights Act in 1964, cries can still be heard for a more diverse workforce. Among the difficulties are retaining often sought-after women and minorities. In this 2-year demonstration, change agents—the provost, deans, and heads of departments/schools of a large public university—were helped to deliberately and directly change the milieu of their departments and schools so as to encourage faculty to remain. Uniquely suited to organizational change, the behavioral approach identifies constructive actions for change agents and, most importantly, provides proven strategies for motivating them. Fostering a supportive climate was defined in terms of change agents’ behaviors. The Building Behaviorally Based Climate Survey was developed and validated. Recognition and feedback were provided in what is typically a feedback desert. This reinforcement model can be used to create and sustain inviting atmospheres, hence enticing all faculty, including women and minority faculty, to stay, hence enabling a diverse workforce.     

论新疆古代屯垦文化的多元性

多元文化共同发展是历史上新疆文化发展的一个显著特征。在新疆多元文化格局发展过程中,自西汉以来的屯垦,既为新疆多元文化发展注入了丰富的内涵,也为多元文化在差异中交流、整合创造了条件。屯垦的长期实施,使内地汉、锡伯等民族向新疆迁移,各民族、各地域文化因屯垦在新疆而汇聚;促进了内地农业技术向新疆的传播,游牧民族向定居农耕或农牧兼营转变,各民族生活方式产生了交融。     

从跨文化视角看国际商务谈判中的文化差异

国际商贸往来日益频繁,跨文化差异常使国际商务沟通的质量大打折扣。国际商务谈判双方都以自身的文化观念来判断对方的利益和行为,这种因文化差异带来误解和曲解如不能及时解决,则容易出现失误,甚至造成谈判失败。本研究拟对国际商务谈判过程中存在的跨文化差异现象进行探讨分析,以减少乃至避免由跨文化障碍所引起的商务沟通失败。     

论《红字》中象征主义的多样性

在1850年《红字》出版后,霍桑成为当时生活在美国最伟大的作家。作者对象征手法的熟练使用大大增强了作品的艺术效果。本文从大写字母A的多种象征意义以及景物寓意等方面入手,浅析《红字》中象征手法的多样性。     

基于机会项空间分布的机会集多样性评价研究

在机会集多样性评价中,基于机会项的空间分布状况建立评价模型是一类重要方法。与机会集多样性水平仅由机会项空间分布的范围大小决定的观点不同,提出了机会集多样性水平由机会项空间分布的范围大小和均匀状况共同决定。以机会项间距离的最大值代表机会项分布的范围大小,以机会项间距离序列的基尼系数代表机会项分布的均匀水平,并给出了基于两者构建的机会集多样性评价规则。     

Elucidating transgender students’ experiences of microaggressions in social work programs: next steps for creating inclusive educational contexts

Social work education globally expresses an unwavering commitment to promoting social justice and the amelioration of oppression. Nevertheless, mounting research suggests that social work programs (SWPs) may inadvertently perpetuate microaggressions toward individuals who are transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC). This qualitative study elucidates experiences of TGNC social work students in North America. Grounded theory analysis revealed six key themes related to students’ experiences of microaggressions within their SWPs: (1) structural oppression, (2) cisgender bias, (3) faculty knowledge gaps, (4) visible discomfort, (5) pervasive nature of transphobia, and (6) social exclusion. Despite the existence of educational and professional policies aimed at fostering transgender inclusive social work education and practice, results from this study underscore the need to take a closer look at the ways in which knowledge gaps, implicit cisgender biases, and existing practices and policies within SWPs inadvertently privilege the experiences of cisgender students and marginalize TGNC students. Key findings from the current study can be used to inform the implementation of transgender affirmative changes, contributing to efforts to eradicate transphobic bias within SWPs.     

Work Satisfaction and Intention to Leave Among Direct Care Workers in Community and Residential Aged Care in Australia

Turnover in the Australian aged-care workforce is lower than in the United States but is still of concern. This research examined the effects of worker satisfaction, worker characteristics, work conditions, and workplace environment on intention to leave, using data from a 2007 national census of the aged-care workforce. A probit model was used to estimate the probability of care workers leaving their jobs in the next 12 months. While workers were satisfied, overall, with their work, improving some components of satisfaction and converting casual contracts to permanent work would reduce intention to leave. To these ends, a shift in focus is required away from worker characteristics and the nature of care work to job conditions and organizational matters amenable to management and policy action.     

Dealing with Institutional Abuse in a Multicultural South African Society

SUMMARY

The climate of socio-political transformation in South Africa together with a society of complex multicultural diversities creates enormous challenges regarding the care of the elderly in institutions. Institutional abuse in South Africa may present in a unique way, as a result of issues relating to policy and legislation and care delivery systems. The need for previously segregated groups to integrate and understand the various cultural practices of people from different socio-economic backgrounds further compounds the opportunity for abuse in homes for the aged which are undergoing transformation.     

Older Women of Color: A Feminist Exploration of the Intersections of Personal,Familial and Community Life

SUMMARY

This paper examines the lives of older U.S. women of color who represent racial and ethnic heritages that have a history of unequal access to sources of economic and political power in this country. These women exemplify women with vastly different cultural traditions, but are similar in that they face discrimination as women of color. The combined impact of age, gender, and racial and ethnic background is neglected within our discussions of older women. This paper contributes to our understanding of older women of color by examining the personal, familial, and community aspects of the lives of older women of color. This exploration challenges feminist gerontologists to bring the discussion of this intersection to the center as we explore and seek to comprehend the reality of older women's lives. This scrutiny creates a space for the discussion of both the threats faced by women of color in their unique juncture as old, female, and of color as well as an illumination of the strengths manifested by these women. Further the need to embrace a feminist gerontological framework when practitioners work with these populations is addressed.     

Judaism

Abstract

Judaism can be understood as a “hidden diversity.” This article introduces practitioners to the numerous ways through which Jews relate to, express, and find meaning in their Jewish identity. It informs therapists about the many differences that lie beneath Jewish clients' white or not-so-white skins, and provides guidelines for therapists interested in engaging those differences in treatment. It also discuses some of the ways in which Jews connect to their Judaism: through spiritual and religious practice; through traditions, holidays, and the observance of Jewish law; and through connections to their families, local communities, and to Jews throughout the world.