Challenges in Development and Implementation of Health‐Risk‐Based Soil Quality Guidelines: Turkey's Experience

Management of contaminated sites is a critical environmental issue around the world due to the human health risk involved for many sites and scarcity of funding. Moreover, clean‐up costs of all contaminated sites to their background levels with existing engineering technologies may be financially infeasible and demand extended periods of operation time. Given these constraints, to achieve optimal utilization of available funds and prioritization of contaminated sites that need immediate attention, health‐risk‐based soil quality guidelines should be preferred over the traditional soil quality standards. For these reasons, traditional soil quality standards are being replaced by health‐risk‐based ones in many countries and in Turkey as well. The need for health‐risk‐based guidelines is clear, but developing these guidelines and implementation of them in contaminated site management is not a straightforward process. The goal of this study is to highlight the problems that are encountered at various stages of the development process of risk‐based soil quality guidelines for Turkey and how they are dealt with. Utilization of different definitions and methodologies at different countries, existence of inconsistent risk assessment tools, difficulties in accessing relevant documents and reports, and lack of specific data required for Turkey are among these problems. We believe that Turkey's experience may help other countries that are planning to develop health‐risk‐based guidelines achieve their goals in a more efficient manner.     

Can self-regulation deliver an ethical commercial literature? A critical reading of the “Good Publication Practice” (GPP3) guidelines for industry-financed medical journal articles

Much medical journal literature is developed by the pharmaceutical and device industries, sometimes with assistance from marketing agencies, writers, and academics. This literature is vulnerable to commercial bias. The publications trade issues self-regulatory ethical guidelines for its production, called “Good Publication Practice” (GPP). I evaluated the most recent iteration, GPP3. The most progressive recommendations in GPP3 call for complete publication of all clinical trials, and full data sharing. GPP3 makes numerous further recommendations more directly concerning the publications trade. Many of these repeat existing editorial requirements, chiefly those of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, but readers are not adequately advised of this. Despite its emphasis on ethical and transparent reporting, the detail of GPP3 enables continued use of academic medical literature for drug marketing, on the basis of commercial steerage of content, coupled with the attribution of published articles to collaborating academic authors. As such, GPP3 provides a de facto manual for how marketing through academic journal content can be conducted in compliance with contemporary editorial standards. Consequently, the self-regulatory GPP3 guidelines are not a sound basis for the production of unbiased industry-financed medical journal literature. I suggest improvements for future iterations of these influential guidelines.     

中国共产党是中国光明前途的代表

中国共产党从成立之始就以拯救中华民族为己任 ,运用马克思主义的普遍原理 ,结合中国的实际 ,提出了正确的革命纲领、路线和方针 ,给中国革命指明了方向 ,经过二十多年的艰苦奋斗 ,夺取了民主革命的彻底胜利 ,使中国有了光明的前途     

文化遗产保护的国际视野

文化遗产保护是世界各国考古文物工作者以及政府部门所共同面临的重要课题。本文从国际文物保护的视野 ,汲取一些国家特别是发达国家的成功经验 ,针对文化遗产保护中普遍存在的发展和保护的矛盾、保护和研究的关系 ,以及立法、操作和公众教育等问题 ,结合中国的现状作了比较和探讨。文章认为 ,健全法制和加强公众教育是完善我国文化遗产保护工作的关键     

试论刘少奇对制定和贯彻八大路线所做出的卓越贡献

党的八大是一次具有历史意义的成功大会 ,它制定的路线是正确的 ,为社会主义事业的进一步发展指明了正确方向。刘少奇作为第一代中共领导核心的重要成员 ,为党的八大正确路线的形成和贯彻做出了卓越贡献 :呕心沥血起草八大政治报告 ,他的一些理论、观点 ,被八大政治报告所收纳 ,极大地丰富了八大路线 ,并为贯彻和维护八大正确路线而艰辛地探索。     

国内科学哲学研究路径的理论缺失及对策

面对当前科学哲学的危机,国内学术界提出种种解决危机的研究路径。这些不同的路径为正处于低潮的科学哲学带来了新的希望,但深入分析这些路径,能够发现它们对转向后的科学哲学的性质、研究对象及任务都没有深入的说明,而理论结构和研究方法等也有待建构。这使得它们存在一定程度上的不足。因此,必须顺应科学的新发展,接受后现代思潮的挑战,克服不同话语体系之间的分歧,使科学哲学走向新的繁荣。     

资本主义艺术生产的现代性特征

马克思艺术生产理论的对象本体,主要是工业社会资本主义生产体系中的商品化艺术生产,概言之,是一种现代性艺术生产。其间既包含着对艺术生产的一般性揭示,又有其特定的历史内涵。忽略其特定的历史内涵或者是将特定的历史内涵视为一般性揭示,都会有碍对艺术生产理论的理解和构建过程中的科学严谨性,而不注意其现代性特征更可能会遮蔽研究的理论视野。从马克思的思想出发,就会看到资本主义艺术生产的三大现代性特征,即服膺于资本的生产与增殖,以财富和财富的生产为目的的资本性;伴随资本世界化及其支撑下的世界贸易和世界交往,走向超越地方的和民族的艺术生产的世界性;随着世界历史的变动而不断地改变着它的历史内容和表现形态的意识形态性。     

Developing the NICE/SCIE Guidelines for Dementia Care: The Challenges of Enhancing the Evidence Base for Social and Health Care

Internationally, interest is developing in the challenges ofdeveloping evidence-based guidelines for social work practice.The paper reports on the process of establishing the UK’sfirst joint health and social care evidence-based practice guideline,which is in dementia care. The paper addresses the methodologicaland procedural challenges of reviewing, meta-analysing and synthesizingknowledge for health and social care given the contrasting historiesof the two sectors in relation to the emergence of evidence-basedpractice. Dementia care is a complex domain within which socialand clinical perspectives intersect, reinforcing the desirabilityof producing ‘joined up’ health and social carepractice guidelines that are relevant to integrated services.It is suggested that the exemplar of producing a joint healthand social care guideline for dementia may be a model for futuredevelopment of practice guidelines. Some of the main recommendationsare presented to illustrate the character of the joint guideline,lessons are drawn for future guideline development, and implicationsfor policy and practice implementation are considered.     

Guidelines for Conducting a Victim-Sensitive Interview

Victim sensitive interviews allow the adult investigator to gather vital facts from a child. Within these interviews, the investigator is provided with an opportunity to elicit responses from the child regarding allegations that have taken place. These allegations often have many origins and may involve sexual impropriety, abuse, taunting, and torture of a physical nature, verbal nature, or both. The purpose of this article is to provide standardized guidelines that can assist individuals from various occupational fields in conducting victim sensitive interviews. The standardized guidelines provided offer an assemblage of general principles that have consistently appeared within literature as well as in manuals provided by various jurisdictions. These guidelines refer to a practice of conduct that is recommended; however, variance with implementation is allowed. It is assumed that the reader brings a level of clinical experience to the material provided in this article.     

Design Characteristics of Sensory Gardens in Norwegian Nursing Homes: A Cross-Sectional E-Mail Survey

ABSTRACT

Sensory gardens are increasingly popular in Norwegian nursing homes. This study examined the design characteristics of Norwegian sensory gardens using a cross-sectional web survey design addressing nursing home leaders (n = 121). The findings revealed that Norwegian sensory gardens were generally compliant with recommended design guidelines involving sensory experiences, stable walkways, landmarks, accessibility, visibility from indoors, seating features, and prosthetic supports. There is, however, a potential for further improvements concerning walkways with rails, access to alarm systems, clear signposts to toilets from the outdoors, lighting in the evenings, greenhouses, increased awareness of edible and nontoxic plants, and maintenance of the gardens.