Giving (Money) Back To Parents: Racial/Ethnic and Immigrant–Native Variation in Monetary Exchanges During the Transition to Adulthood

Scholars consistently find that parents provide economic support to their young adult children through the transition to adulthood. However, scholars rarely examine whether young adults contribute monetary resources to their parents. To test this proposition, I use the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, and the case of “money for living expenses.” Overall, monetary independence is the modal category for all groups. However, when I compare across groups, I find that White young adults with native-born parentage are more likely to report monetary independence, African Americans are more likely to report monetary interdependence and Asian and Latino children of immigrants are more likely to report child-to-parent assistance compared to each other, with SES explaining most, but not all, of these differences. I argue that young adult offspring in non-White families are more likely to provide monetary support to their parents during the transition to adulthood. These transfers may deplete resources for non-White young adults and may exacerbate racial/ethnic inequality during the transition to adulthood.     

The intergenerational transmission of income mobility between mothers and their young adult daughters: The mediating role of their daughters' educational attainment

This study examines whether the daughters' educational attainment mediates the intergenerational transmission of economic mobility between mothers and their young adult daughters. To create mother–daughter dyads, two data sets were combined: The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79 for Children and Young Adults (NLSY79 CY). A total of 2,456 dyads were included for analysis. We used a mediation model to explore the relationship between mothers' income and their young adult daughters' income. Mothers' income was associated with their young adult daughters' educational attainment and income. The mediation model indicated partial mediation of the relationship between mothers' income and their young adult daughters' income via their young adult daughters' educational attainment. Addressing issues of income inequality among mothers may serve as a buffer against the low upward mobility across generations for their young adult daughters raised by low-income mothers. It is imperative to provide programs and financial assistance for mothers to bolster their income and thereby their daughters' educational attainment and income in young adulthood and therefore improve economic mobility from mothers to daughters.     

Young children's perceptions and beliefs about hypothetical shy,unsociable, and socially avoidant peers at school

The aim of this study was to explore young children's perceptions, beliefs, and anticipated outcomes about different types of social withdrawal (shyness, unsociability, social avoidance). Participants were N = 212 children (n = 110 boys) aged 2.55–6.37 years (M = 4.86, SD = 0.89) recruited from three preschools and kindergartens in Italy. Children were interviewed individually and asked about hypothetical peers displaying different types of social withdrawal (i.e., shy, unsociable, socially avoidant) and for comparison purposes, aggressive and socially competent behaviors were also assessed. Among the three vignettes depicting types of withdrawn children, children rated the hypothetical shy peer as having the highest social motivations, the unsociable peer as receiving the least sympathy from others, and the avoidant peer as being the least intelligent and least liked by the teacher. In addition, girls reported wanting to play more with the shy peer than boys, and kindergarteners reported a higher affiliative preference for all subtypes of socially withdrawn peers than preschoolers. These findings suggest that Italian young children have a quite sophisticated ability to differentiate among the different social motivations and emotions that may underlie social withdrawal.     

The Use of Simulation to Reduce the Domain of “Black Swans” with Application to Hurricane Impacts to Power Systems

Recently, the concept of black swans has gained increased attention in the fields of risk assessment and risk management. Different types of black swans have been suggested, distinguishing between unknown unknowns (nothing in the past can convincingly point to its occurrence), unknown knowns (known to some, but not to relevant analysts), or known knowns where the probability of occurrence is judged as negligible. Traditional risk assessments have been questioned, as their standard probabilistic methods may not be capable of predicting or even identifying these rare and extreme events, thus creating a source of possible black swans. In this article, we show how a simulation model can be used to identify previously unknown potentially extreme events that if not identified and treated could occur as black swans. We show that by manipulating a verified and validated model used to predict the impacts of hazards on a system of interest, we can identify hazard conditions not previously experienced that could lead to impacts much larger than any previous level of impact. This makes these potential black swan events known and allows risk managers to more fully consider them. We demonstrate this method using a model developed to evaluate the effect of hurricanes on energy systems in the United States; we identify hurricanes with potentially extreme impacts, storms well beyond what the historic record suggests is possible in terms of impacts.     

Estimation of parameters of SDE driven by fractional Brownian motion with polynomial drift

ABSTRACT

Strongly consistent and asymptotically normal estimators of the Hurst index and volatility parameters of solutions of stochastic differential equations with polynomial drift are proposed. The estimators are based on discrete observations of the underlying processes.     

青年流失对农村文化建设的消极影响

当前农村青壮年农民过度流失严重影响社会主义新农村建设,也成为农村文化建设的桎梏。必须改善农村的谋生环境和生活环境,对农村劳动力转移的适度性和合理性加以宏观的调控,这是繁荣农村文化的基础。     

高校海外归国青年教师思想动态及政治倾向调查

通过对部分高校海外归国青年教师一对一的访谈调查,初步了解该群体的思想动态和政治倾向。调查发现,高校海外归国青年教师存在政治敏感度不高,思想多元化趋势显著,易产生不满情绪;个人思想与价值观主动输出倾向明显;更易受到社会负面信息的影响;政治意识淡漠,缺乏对中国特色社会主义制度的了解和认同等现实问题。在现有调查分析的基础上,积极探索既符合国家和地方经济社会发展需要,又遵循高端人才队伍建设和青年教师队伍发展实际的工作思路和方法：坚持党对海外归国青年教师的思想引领和政治把握;以爱国主义旗帜引领海外归国青年教师群体工作全局;坚持求同存异,杜绝“先入为主”的思维误区;深化管理体制改革,创造有利于海外归国青年教师发挥才干的环境;拓宽政治意愿表达渠道,建立畅通高效的双向沟通机制。     

加强高校青年教职工思想政治工作刍议

随着中国高等教育进入大众化阶段,高校中的青年教职工比例迅速增加,做好其思想政治工作对实现高校的根本任务具有重要意义。但目前高校青年教职工中存在着一些问题,如理想信念淡薄、价值观多元化、个人修养不足、工作责任心不强、合作创新意识欠缺等。为此,应构建青年教职工思想政治工作体系,建立健全"教书育人、管理育人、服务育人"的规章制度和评价体系,"以人为本"开展工作,以加强高校青年教职工思想政治工作,为实现高校的持续快速发展提供强有力的保证。     

高校青年女教师主观幸福感及其影响因素研究

目的：探讨高校青年女教师主观幸福感现状及其与社会支持、人格特征之间的关系。方法：采用总体幸福感量表、社会支持评定量表和“大五”人格问卷对合肥学院等三所高校171名35岁（包含35岁）以下青年女教师进行测查。结果：高校青年女教师的社会支持以及人格因素中的适应性和社交性对其主观幸福感有一定的预测作用。结论：不断完善自身人格、建立良好的社会支持系统,有助于提高高校青年女教师的主观幸福感。