Does Preterm Birth Affect Psychosexual Development? A Preliminary Exploration

Abstract

Infants born prematurely may lack full term exposure to the prenatal milieu responsible for late-term sexual differentiation, with possible consequences on psychosexual development. This study assessed gender identity, sexual orientation, and adult sexual responses in men and women born either preterm or full term. An online survey was administered to 106 biological males (36 preterm) and 195 biological females (64 preterm). Preterm women identified less exclusively as heterosexual and preterm men reported higher sex interest and shorter orgasmic latency. Preterm birth may interfere with typical prenatal sexual differentiation, with potential effects on sexual orientation and adult sexual responsivity.     

A review of the risks associated with children and young people’s social media use and the implications for social work practice

Abstract

This paper explores what the research says about the risks to children and young people of using social media. Taking a systematic approach this literature search identified 16 peer reviewed articles, written in English since January 2010. Four areas of risk were identified: cyberbullying and online abuse, exposure to negative forms of user-generated content, the converging of offline and online networks, and developing interpretations of privacy. The research also highlighted how the extent of the risk depends upon the developmental stage and social circumstances. This review provides several implications for social work practice. Social workers must develop their understanding of different social media platforms in order to identify risks and maximise opportunities. Assessment approaches must be tailored to ensure social media use and its effect on those of different ages and backgrounds is considered. Finally they need to consider their role in educating about the risks of social media use.     

成人高等教育中的教学分离现象分析与对策

我国成人高等教育现有各种办学形式中均存在着程度不同的教学分离现象。在学习、教授和管理过程中引入现代信息技术手段而建立起在线学习体系可改善和克服教学分离现象及其所致的教学交互不足，推动成人高等教育向级深化改革。     

Sexually Transmitted Infections and Unintended Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Analysis of Risk Transmission Through Friends and Attitudes

Data from 1,087 adolescent participants in three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used to examine the effects of peer selection and socialization processes in adolescence on later reports of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and unintended pregnancies. Friends' attitudes and behavior were assessed with friends' reports. Among male adolescents, there was evidence for selection effects on STI diagnoses and socialization effects on reports of unintended pregnancy, both involving friends' attitudes. Among female adolescents, there was evidence for long‐term effects of both socialization and selection processes involving same‐sex friends' attitudes. Discussion focuses on the importance of peer and individual attitudes as potential intervention targets.     

Worry and rumination: Explanatory roles in the relation between pain and anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students with pain

Objective: Pain affects a significant proportion of college students in the United States and has been linked to anxiety and depressive symptoms. Rumination and worry, two transdiagnostic factors linked to comorbidity, may explain the relationship between pain and mental health symptoms.

Current Study: The current study examined worry and rumination as explanatory factors in the relationship between pain and anxiety and depressive symptoms in a sample of college students with pain (n?=?1,577; 79.9% female).

Results: Results indicated that both rumination and worry explained the relationship between pain and depressive and social anxiety symptoms, while rumination alone explained the relationship between pain and anxious arousal symptoms.

Conclusion: The current study provides novel empirical evidence that worry and rumination each help explain the relationship between pain and anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students with current pain, and college students in pain may benefit from targeted psychosocial strategies aimed at decreasing worry and ruminative responses.     

关怀理论视角下幼儿园教师关怀实践问题与对策

依据关怀理论，发现目前幼儿园教师关怀实践存在教育目标偏离，关怀内容有限、美德式关心，关怀变控制、关怀有差别，因人而偏、关怀体验少，影响教师实践、单向式关心，关系难以发展等问题，针对这些问题, 本文提出了更新理论知识，树立科学关怀观、关注幼儿，全面接受幼儿、丰富关怀实践，增强关怀能力、引导回应，积极关爱的对策。     

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and well-being of children and young people

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an enormous impact across the world. In this discussion paper, we examine the effect that lockdown has had on the mental health and well-being of children and young people. We write from a UK perspective in the light of the international evidence. Many of the discussion points raised resonate globally. We discuss how these issues can be dealt with and set out potential solutions as we emerge from this global crisis.     

中班幼儿集体教学活动中高级学习行为的分析——基于OCCP学习行为模型的视角

如何提高幼儿的学习质量，激发幼儿的深度学习一直以来是幼教工作者关心的问题。笔者在借鉴相关研究成果的基础上，以OCCP学习行为模型为研究视角，随机抽取两个中班幼儿进行观察记录，通过对幼儿集体教学活动中学习行为的分析，指出课程内容设置不平衡、课堂互动缺乏有效性是影响幼儿高级学习行为发生的重要因素。笔者还假设了幼儿发生学习行为时的内在心理取向，以期为教师的集体教学活动设计提供理论依据：操作行为层的幼儿会对学习行为后果做出预测；认知行为层的幼儿会对信息有亲社会性的解读；协作行为层的幼儿会根据兴趣指导自身学习行为。     

世代分析:青年社会学的重要研究视角

世代分析是基于世代理论的一种研究视角，同时也具有研究方法的作用。世代理论是当代一个重要的学术领域，可以为探究人类世代的具体成因、演进规律以及代际关系性质、代际互动模式尤其是不同世代在社会变迁中的作用等问题提供观察角度和分析工具;在其中，青年世代的角色和地位一直受到特别的关注。作为青年社会学理论体系的一个组成部分，世代理论既从具体层面回答了青年世代与成年世代的关系性质、互动模式及其替代规律的问题，又从更深层面回答了青年与社会的关系问题，因此，在一定意义上，世代理论及其分析视角最能够体现青年社会学的学科特色及其蕴含的社会功能。