Cognitive abilities,self-efficacy,and financial behavior

This paper investigates the effect of cognitive abilities on financial behavior among older adults. Using the U.S. Health and Retirement Study, I find that cognitive abilities significantly affect financial behavior through two channels: ability and self-efficacy. People with higher cognition scores achieve better financial outcomes. This positive association is especially strong in tasks having high demand of cognitive abilities, which confirms the ability channel of the cognitive ability effect. In addition, there is evidence for the self-efficacy channel as a secondary source of cognitive influence. Lower cognitive abilities decrease people’s sense of self-efficacy, which, in turn, significantly decreases financial management efficiency. The findings have important policy implications, specifically that more effort is needed to assist the growing older population through the cognitive aging process and that noncognitive skills, as a secondary source of influence, also warrant attention.     

对区域高等教育战略规划的若干思考--基于《加利福尼亚州高等教育总体规划（1960-1975）》的分析

《加利福尼亚州高等教育总体规划（1960—1975）》是区域高等教育战略规划领域的成功范例，规划内容通过州宪法性效力、州法律法规性效力以及行业约定性效力三种形式发挥作用。准确把握关键问题、秉持院校自治理念、深入开展调研等做法值得借鉴。我国区域高等教育机遇与挑战并存，教育规划应当坚持治理理念、以人为本理念和系统论理念，对区域高校定位作出合理预期与安排，引导区域高等教育健康和谐发展。     

乔伊斯的文学实验精神在小说整体布局中的体现

爱尔兰著名作家詹姆斯·乔伊斯在其文学作品创作过程中始终追求艺术形式的创新.作为20世纪初现代主义文学倾向的代表人物,乔伊斯在小说<一个青年艺术家的肖像>中大胆突破传统,以强烈的文学实验精神将其创作理论应用到实际创作中.以时间、意识和技巧为创作中心,生动展示了主人公斯蒂芬·迪达勒斯的现代精神气质.本文以其代表作小说<一个青年艺术家的肖像>为实例,旨在从两个方面展示乔伊斯的文学实验精神,即乔伊斯美学理论在实际创作中的应用以及其现代主义创作技巧在体现小说整体布局中的作用.     

语言·命运·历史——论吉本《苏格兰的书》

苏格兰小说家吉本最著名的作品是其三部曲《苏格兰的书》。这部小说在语言的运用上独具特色 ,对女主人公命运的关注显示出这位男性作家超前的女性主义意识。而小说的叙述结构所蕴含的历史观则是进步和乐观的     

论《世说新语·贤媛》之"贤"

通过分析《世说新语.贤媛》中女性的特征,指出了“贤”之一字不同于封建礼教所要求的新的内涵,并阐述了产生这种变化的原因,以及这种新的审美理想的意义。     

人生之谜和超验之美——体悟《红楼梦》

从大观的此岸和大荒的彼岸之对话及今日之我对昨日之我的审视 ,体悟《红楼梦》的超验之美和人生之谜。并试图探索艺术意象对造就《红楼梦》艺术至境的作用。     

Bias Correction in the Dynamic Panel Data Model with a Nonscalar Disturbance Covariance Matrix

Approximation formulae are developed for the bias of ordinary and generalized Least Squares Dummy Variable (LSDV) estimators in dynamic panel data models. Results from Kiviet [Kiviet, J. F. (1995), on bias, inconsistency, and efficiency of various estimators in dynamic panel data models, J. Econometrics68:53-78; Kiviet, J. F. (1999), Expectations of expansions for estimators in a dynamic panel data model: some results for weakly exogenous regressors, In: Hsiao, C., Lahiri, K., Lee, L-F., Pesaran, M. H., eds., Analysis of Panels and Limited Dependent Variables, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 199-225] are extended to higher-order dynamic panel data models with general covariance structure. The focus is on estimation of both short- and long-run coefficients. The results show that proper modelling of the disturbance covariance structure is indispensable. The bias approximations are used to construct bias corrected estimators which are then applied to quarterly data from 14 European Union countries. Money demand functions for M1, M2 and M3 are estimated for the EU area as a whole for the period 1991: I-1995: IV. Significant spillovers between countries are found reflecting the dependence of domestic money demand on foreign developments. The empirical results show that in general plausible long-run effects are obtained by the bias corrected estimators. Moreover, finite sample bias, although of moderate magnitude, is present underlining the importance of more refined estimation techniques. Also the efficiency gains by exploiting the heteroscedasticity and cross-correlation patterns between countries are sometimes considerable.     

贾府的道教风俗及其“悲凉之雾”

道教的消灾祈祥法术在文学巨著《红楼梦》中得到了充分的展现:在贾府,无论主子或奴婢,有的佩戴护身符欲消灾避祸,“仙寿恒昌”;有的炼丹烧汞欲升为神仙;有的打醮设道场欲解除冤孽;有的作法欲诅咒他人等。然而,那些欲消灾者病缠身,欲成仙者命早亡,欲害人者先害己,落了个烟消云散的悲惨结局,无不笼罩着浓重的“悲凉之雾”。撩起悲凉的雾纱,可以窥探出曹雪芹对道教“助教化”无望又找不到“补天”良策的彷徨苦闷心情。曲曲悲歌实际是曹雪芹对道教信仰及其法术失灵的形象化宣泄和标示。     

"信访权"之宪法定位

我国宪法并无信访权的规定,但一般认为,信访制度的宪法依据是宪法第41条,是公民宪法赋予的建议权、申诉权的具体体现。然而从实践和宪法权利理论出发,有必要对信访权加以分解,分为政治性权利和非政治性权利,从代议机构监督和制衡行政权的高度加强信访制度建设,推进我国宪政制度的完善。     

《红楼梦》中“趋向动词＋来／去”结构

本文通过对<红楼梦>一书中合成趋向动词作补语这一结构形式的对比分析,试图发现该书中"谓语--补语1--宾语--补语2"这类结构,随着处置式的广泛运用,不仅在现代汉语中使用范围相对缩小了,不及<红楼梦>中运用普遍,且使用场合和分工也发生了一些变化.