Factor analysis for ranked data with application to a job selection attitude survey

Summary.  Factor analysis is a powerful tool to identify the common characteristics among a set of variables that are measured on a continuous scale. In the context of factor analysis for non-continuous-type data, most applications are restricted to item response data only. We extend the factor model to accommodate ranked data. The Monte Carlo expectation–maximization algorithm is used for parameter estimation at which the E-step is implemented via the Gibbs sampler. An analysis based on both complete and incomplete ranked data (e.g. rank the top q out of k items) is considered. Estimation of the factor scores is also discussed. The method proposed is applied to analyse a set of incomplete ranked data that were obtained from a survey that was carried out in GuangZhou, a major city in mainland China, to investigate the factors affecting people's attitude towards choosing jobs.     

论资本质量与财务目标

从传统财务目标的缺陷在于忽视资本质量的分析入手 ,论述了资本质量是资本的内在规定性 ,是资本社会属性的总和与资本经济属性的质量方面 ;将资本质量引入财务目标是由资本的本质和财务的本质、资本质量与资本数量之间的关系、时代特征和国家财务所决定的 ,资本质量最优化与资本数量最大化是财务目标的必然选择 ;提出了资本质量考核指标体系。     

ADDITIVE MODELS WITH PREDICTORS SUBJECT TO MEASUREMENT ERROR

This paper develops a likelihood‐based method for fitting additive models in the presence of measurement error. It formulates the additive model using the linear mixed model representation of penalized splines. In the presence of a structural measurement error model, the resulting likelihood involves intractable integrals, and a Monte Carlo expectation maximization strategy is developed for obtaining estimates. The method's performance is illustrated with a simulation study.     

生产函数与成本函数的关系研究

本文给出了生产函数与成本函数之间的一般关系,并证明齐次生产函数与齐次成本函数之间存在着一种齐次对应关系:齐次生产函数在厂商的成本最小化决策下必然产生齐次的成本函数且齐次成本函数必然产生对应于齐次的生产函数。     

行为目标偏离、规模扩大与利润率降低——对国有企业规模不经济的一种解释

我国国有企业经历过一个亏损的阶段,国有企业的规模与经济利润并不对称.国有企业的行为目标的偏离,使得国有企业的规模不断扩大,并最终出现规模不经济.必须实行"政企分开",培育有效的竞争机制,打破某些企业的垄断局面,让国有大中型企业逐步分解成依赖市场交易的多个主体,缩小企业规模.     

人口红利、产业承接与农村劳动力就近转移——以成都城乡统筹试验区为背景

随着西部经济发展及中部地区的崛起。东部地区产业向中西部转移,中西部地区参与人口红利再分配成为必然。鉴于此。有必要及时调整农村就业政策,将农村劳动力就近转移作为一项主要的就业政策,以促进产业转移的顺利进行和人口红利的高效再分配。     

浅谈企业如何发挥效能监察

针对效能监察工作在现代企业建设步伐中发挥的重要作用,就如何更好地发挥效能监察的作用,提高市场竞争能力,进行了一些探讨。     

从“人口红利”消逝的预警谈我国的人口政策

在人口转变过程中存在着对经济发展极为有利的“人口红利”时期。本文从分析我国“人口红利”消逝的预警入手,分析了我国人口结构面临迅速人口老龄化的现状,并追溯了计划生育这一影响我国人口结构的政策原因,认为对传统以严格控制人口数量为目的的人口政策的调整应提上日程。     

Competition and Coordination in Two‐Tier Public Service Systems under Government Fiscal Policy

As a result of government budgetary limits and rapid market growth, many public service systems—such as health care—are characterized by extensive customer wait times that have become a serious problem. This problem might be solved by allowing private firms to enter these markets, which would provide customers with a choice between a free (governmental) public service provider (SP) and a fee‐charging (or “toll”) private SP. In such a two‐tier service system, the two SPs are differentiated by service quality and cost efficiency. This study focuses on the competition and coordination issues for two‐tier service systems with customers who are sensitive to both service quality and delay. The free system attempts to maximize its expected total customer utility with limited capacity, whereas the toll system attempts to maximize its profit. Neither goal is aligned with the social welfare goal of the public service. To achieve the social welfare goal, the government plays a crucial role in coordinating the two‐tier service system via the budget, the tradeoff of social members' goals, and tax‐subsidy policies. Using a mixed duopoly game, we establish Nash equilibrium strategies and identify the conditions for the existence of the two‐tier service system. We employ several interesting and counter‐intuitive managerial insights generated by the model to show that the public service can be delivered more efficiently via customer choice and SP competition. In addition, we show that a relatively low tax‐subsidy rate can almost perfectly coordinate the two SPs to achieve most of the maximum possible benefit of the two‐tier service system.     

利益相关者管理——新经济下的机会与挑战

"股东至上主义"是盎格努--萨克逊体系公司治理模式的核心,但是它却忽视了相关者的利益要求,从而给企业带来了一系列的管理悖论.而在知识化、信息化为主要特征的新经济条件下,利益相关者的参与同合作情况对企业的经营成败有着至关重要的影响作用.于是,利益相关者管理逐渐受到了理论与实践上的重视.虽然通过利益相关者管理可以实现企业长期价值的提高,促进企业可持续发展等,但在实际操作过程中还存在许多需要进一步明确的问题.