《现代汉语词典》多义词处理指瑕

《现代汉语词典》作为一部权威性、规范性语文词典,其使用对象是语言学习者,其任务是尽量全面地反映现代汉语词汇的状貌,所以从收词、释义、用例等各个方面都要求科学严谨。本文将我们在使用《现汉》过程中发现的问题提出来,希望能对词典的进一步完善有所裨益     

ARMA MODELS REALIZATION AND IMPULSE RESPONSES

A parallel is made between the role played by covariances in the determination of auto-regressive models and the role played by impulse responses in the determination of ARMA models.

Auto-regressive models are known to maximize the Burg-entropy under covariance constraints. Auto-regressive-moving-average models give the maximum of the Burg-entropy among processes sharing the same covariances and impulse responses up to a certain lag. Such models are constructed by iterative or algebraic methods under the different constraints.

A new recursive method of identification of the order of an ARMA model is also developed, based on the generalized reflection coefficients.     

On the Uncertainty Relation for Positive Definite Probability Densities

To each positive definite probability density there exists an adjoint density which is proportional to the characteristic function of p. The products have a greatest lower bound Λ, and it is known that 0.5276… < Λ ≤ 0.8609… We present a positive definite density with λ(p) = 6/7 and thereby improve the upper estimate. For densities representable as normal scale mixtures, we show that λ(p) ≥ 1 with equality if and only if p is a normal probability density.     

Migrant identities: Personal memory and the construction of selfhood

Gayatri Chakravotry Spivak’s A Critique of Postcolonial Reason explicitly asks the reader to examine the limits of its argumentative structure. Just as Spivak has recently argued that the form of Jamaica Kincaid’s novel Lucy is paratactic (a way of using language that withholds connections and conjunctions), Spivak’s own A Critique of Postcolonial Reason is carefully constructed to force the reader to supply links between the sections of the text. In this sense, Spivak achieves a poetic effect, one that is not unrelated to the contemporary paratactic prose poetry of Harryette Mullen. The formal parataxis of Spivak’s work also serves to reflect an argument in A Critique of Postcolonial Reason about the difficulty of forging solidarity among disparate migrant and racialized groups in the Western metropolis.     

Estimation of quantiles of exponential and double exponential distributions based on two order statistics

Asymptotically best linear unbiased estimators (ABLUE) of quantiles, x^., in the two-parameter (location-scale) exponential and double exponential families are obtained as linear combinations of two suitably chosen order statistics. Exact formulae for the linear combinations are given as functions of £. The derived estimators in both cases compare favorably with the usual nonparametric estimator. Also, in the exponential case the derived estimator compares favorably with the Sarhan-Greenberg BLUE based on a complete sample     

《太平经》注释辨误

《太平经》是中国道教的第一部经典，其中包含许多口语成分，是研究东汉时期语言的珍贵语料。近年来，有关《太平经》的注本、译本不断出现，但各注本对于《太平经》某些语词的解释仍存在一些分歧。选取该经“观古”、“过觉”、“赤子”、“儿”、“颇”、“克志”、“愉愉”、“开心”、“仓皇”、“大神”等词语，利用传统训诂学手段，针对现有注本关于这些语词的不同注释予以分析辨正，可正前人之误读。     

艾·巴·辛格：两性关系观察者——评《冤家，一个爱情故事》中的女性人物

艾·巴·辛格被称为当代最会讲故事的美国犹太裔作家，其代表作《冤家，一个爱情故事》通过对男主人公与妻子、情人、前妻之间复杂的两性关系的细致描写，展现了美国犹太移民的生活状态。本文拟通过对辛格笔下的两性关系的分析，深入探讨《冤家，一个爱情故事》中三位女性人物所担负的责任。     

Inclusive innovation and the role of technological capability-building: The social business Grameen Danone Foods Limited in Bangladesh

This article examines how a least developed country-based social business first creates operational capabilities (OCs) and then, over time, builds innovative capabilities (ICs) to fulfil a social need, be self-sustainable and achieve inclusive innovation. This relationship is examined in Bangladesh's Grameen Danone Foods Limited (GDFL) by integrating the technological capability and inclusive innovation theoretical frameworks and by using data gathered through extensive fieldwork. Broadly, our findings show how GDFL built and accumulated basic and intermediate ICs to undertake innovative activities in all areas of operation. Specifically, our findings scrutinize the process in which a social business develops and organizes its resources to initially build OCs and engage in the creation of ICs through various learning mechanisms to deliver inclusive innovation. From this process, we also observe a set of unpredicted positive spillovers to the community, which expands the inclusiveness effect. The findings also suggest that having a social orientation, triggers the use of different resources from within and outside the firm to achieve inclusive innovation. We conclude by discussing the study's implications for scholars, policy-makers and managers of multinational's social businesses. We also highlight future research areas, and crucially those related to key emerging conceptual limitations of inclusive innovation and development.     

The Cost Effectiveness of Hepatitis Immunization for US College Students

Abstract

Hepatitis B immunization is recommended for all American children, and hepatitis A immunization is recommended for children who live in areas with elevated disease rates. Because hepatitis A and B occur most commonly in young adults, the authors examined the cost effectiveness of college-based vaccination. They developed epidemiologic models to consider infection risks and disease progression and then compared the cost of vaccination with economic, longevity, and quality of life benefits. Immunization of 100,000 students would prevent 1,403 acute cases of hepatitis A, 929 cases of hepatitis B, and 144 cases of chronic hepatitis B. Hepatitis B vaccination would cost the health system $7,600 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained but would reduce societal costs by 6%. Hepatitis A/B vaccination would cost the health system $8,500 per QALY but would reduce societal costs by 12%. Until childhood and adolescent vaccination can produce immune cohorts of young adults, college-based hepatitis immunization can reduce disease transmission in a cost-effective manner.     

试论《西游记》的宗教特质及其理论分野

通过《西游记》的宗教描写阐释了《西游记》的宗教问题,认为完全是遵循修性修命、大乘小乘、正道旁门、人身妖躯的理论分野而展开的,是一个完整的统一体。对于《西游记》宗教理论分野的清理有助于廓清学术界长期以来关于《西游记》宗教内涵的种种争论,从而为正确认识《西游记》的创作意图和艺术构思打下坚实的基础。