On complete classes of experiments for certain invariant problems of linear inference

For certain non-singularly estimable full-rank appropriately invariant problems of linear inference in the setting of block designs, some complete classes of experiments have been characterized through the relation between the relevant C-matrices and their g-inverses (of the Moore-Penrose type) in regard to the specific invariance criterion discussed here. It follows that for a $\text{G}$-invariant non-singularly estimable full-rank problem, a complete class of experiments formally consists only of $\text{G}$-invariant designs.     

Minimum number of runs for two-level factorial search designs

A lower bound is given for the number of experimental runs required in search designs for two-level factorial models.     

Invalidity of average squared error criterion in density estimation

The average squared error has been suggested earlier as an appropriate estimate of the integrated squared error, but an example is given which shows their ratio can tend to infinity. The results of a Monte Carlo study are also presented which suggest the average squared error can seriously underestimate the errors inherent in even the simplest density estimations.     

Racial discrimination and the social organization of industries

This study investigates the relationship between several factors of the social organization of labor markets and racial discrimination during the late 1960s. Log-linear models are used to obtain indicators of the relative opportunities of black and white men to obtain different occupations across each of 38 industrial segments. We then examine the nature of the relationship between these indicators of discrimination and a number of aspects of industries suggested to be important by various theories of discrimination. The results indicate that relative black opportunities were favorably influenced by government employment, industrial and white collar (but not craft) unionization, and product market power, and they were adversely influenced by profitability and customer preferences for nonretail sales workers. Of particular interest is the finding that, contrary to the hypothesis derived from neoclassical economics, market power had a positive effect on black opportunities.     

Sequential and two-stage procedures for selecting the better exponential population covering the case of unknown and unequal scale parameters

The problems of selecting the larger location parameter of two exponential distributions are discussed. When the scale parameters are the same but unknown, we consider the procedure of Desu et al. (1977) in detail, and study some of its exact and asymptotic properties. We indicate how this procedure can be modified along the lines of Mukhopadhyay (1979, 1980) to achieve first-order asymptotic efficiency. We then propose a sequential procedure for this set-up and show that it is asymptotically second-order efficient according to Ghosh and Mukhopadhyay (1981). In case the scale parameters are completely unknown and unequal, we propose a two-stage procedure that guarantees the probability of correct selection to exceed the prescribed nominal level in the preference zone. We do not need any new tables to implement this particular procedure other than those in Krishnaiah and Armitage (1964), Gupta and Sobel (1962), Guttman and Milton (1969). We also propose a sequential method in this case and derive some of its asymptotic properties.     

Selecting the better binomial population under a budget constraint

The problem of optimal non-sequential allocation of observations for the selection of the better binomial population is considered in the case of fixed sampling costs and budget. With the appropriate choice of selection rule it is shown that a 70% reduction in the probability of incorrect selection is possible by using an unequal rather than equal allocation. Simple formulae are given for the appropriate selection rule and unequal allocation in large samples.     

浅析《新月的埃米莉 》的艺术特色

无论是从其作品的质量还是数量而言,露西·蒙格马利毫无疑问当推加拿大最著名的儿童文学作家,《新月的埃米莉》是其代表作之一.这是一部成长题材的小说.借用娴熟的技巧,蒙格马利把成长的美丽与忧伤巧妙地糅合在一起,轻松活泼地展现给读者.本文从小说的结构、叙述方式和意象的应用三个方面对其进行了解读.     

艰难的蜕变--对20世纪中国市民文化和市民文学文化冲突与重构的审视

20世纪中国市民文化和市民文学是在不断蜕变中的文化冲突和文化重构中获得发展的.传统与现代、中国与西方的文化冲突和融汇构成一百年的艰难,一百年的尴尬,一百年的阵痛,一百年的壮烈.中国古代市民文学中所表现的文化冲突,如"本末冲突"、"城乡冲突"、"义利冲突"、"情礼冲突"等依旧是20世纪中国市民文学基本的文化母题,只是它们是在中国走向现代化的历史背景上展现出来的,它们是在传统与现代、中国与西方的文化冲突中展现出来的.     

Identity-based planning of prices and quantities: Cambridge and neoclassical models for Brazil

The paper uses two extensions of standard “sources of growth” analysis to develop price-endogenous medium term planning models for Brazil. The model constructed on the basis of neoKeynesian (or Cambridge, England) assumptions is shown to describe Brazilian growth and distribution changes in the 1960s better than the alternative neoclassical model. In forecasting exercises for the 1970s, both models point to a trade-off between increased inflation and a higher labor share. The neoclassical variant suggests that potential balance of payments difficulties can be offset by opportune devaluation, but the Cambridge results are much less optimistic. Current events suggest that this pessimistic view may be closer to the mark.     

黄庭坚的"心法"——江西诗派"活法"美学思想溯源

江西诗派的"活法"美学思想有一个发展过程.最早苏东坡已提出了"活法"美学思想.黄庭坚在此基础上提出了"心法".到吕本中提出"活法悟入"的思想,标志着江西诗派"活法"美学思想的完成.江西诗派"活法"美学思想的确立,是宋代禅宗美学转型的标志.