中国制造业全要素生产率测算与区域趋同检验

文章选用2003—2019年的省际面板数据,分别运用Malmquist指数和柯布-道格拉斯函数对中国六大区域制造业全要素生产率的变动值和数值进行了测算,并对全要素生产率变动及其分解进行分析,同时,运用趋同理论对全要素生产率进行了σ趋同、β趋同和条件趋同检验。结果表明:技术进步促进了全要素生产率的增长;六大区域制造业全要素生产率呈现区域间趋同,东北地区、长三角、长江经济带和南部沿海四个地区存在区域内σ趋同和β趋同,黄河流域存在区域内β趋同,京津冀并没有趋同趋势。对外开放、知识产权保护、科学研究、房地产投资对区域趋同具有负向影响,经济增长和政府购买则会产生正向影响。     

幼儿园2—6岁儿童受挫缘由探析

对采用观察法获取的北京市122个2—6岁儿童在幼儿园受挫缘由进行分析,结果发现：与教师的矛盾和与同伴的关系问题是引发2—6岁儿童受挫的主要缘由;引发2—6岁儿童受挫的缘由在年龄班上存在显著差异,在性别和幼儿园不同活动上存在极其显著的差异。建议建立良好的师幼关系和同伴关系。根据各年龄班儿童发展的特点和需要强调不同的教育侧重点,对男女幼儿进行双性化教育。合理安排幼儿园的一日活动,促进幼儿园和家庭在挫折教育的观念和方法上的协调一致。     

中学生信息素养标准培养模式的构建

在信息社会里,信息资源良莠不齐,从根本上要求中学生应具备信息需求、信息检索、信息获取、信息使用、信息整合和信息评价方面的能力即信息素养标准。从信息素养以及信息素养标准概念出发,阐述中学生信息素养标准构建的依据,以big6为基础建立中学生信息素养标准模型,提出中学生信息素养标准的实施过程和培养策略。     

硼、糖、钙和DA-6对枇杷花粉管生长的影响

探讨了硼、糖、钙和DA-6处理枇杷花穗对花粉活力和花粉管的影响.结果表明：对照组在气温20.5～26.5℃下花粉活力较低,而且开花1 h后未见花穗上花粉管的伸长;而采用硼、糖混合液处理,或采用硼、糖混合液加钙处理及硼、糖加钙再加DA-6的处理,则提高了花粉活力,显著促进了花穗上花粉管的伸长.     

Residential Location,Job Location,and Wages: Theory and Empirics

I develop a stylized partial on‐the‐job equilibrium search model that incorporates a spatial dimension. Workers reside on a circle and can move at a cost. Each point on the circle has a wage distribution. Implications about wages and job mobility are drawn from the model and tested on Danish matched employer–employee data. The model predictions hold true. I find that workers working farther away from their residence earn higher wages. When a worker is making a job‐to‐job transition where he/she changes workplace location he/she experiences a higher wage change than a worker making a job‐to‐job transition without changing workplace location. However, workers making a job‐to‐job transition that makes the workplace location closer to the residence experience a wage drop. Furthermore, low‐wage workers and workers with high transportation costs are more likely to make job‐to‐job transitions, but also residential moves.     

Public policy and the labor market adjustment of new immigrants to Australia

Two separate cohorts of immigrants to Australia are compared in order to assess the potential role of immigrant selection criteria, labor market conditions, and income-support policy in facilitating the labor market adjustment of new arrivals. Although these two cohorts entered Australia only five years apart, their initial labor market outcomes varied dramatically. The results indicate that changes in immigration policy may have led to increased human capital endowments that in turn resulted in higher participation rates and reduced unemployment. At the same time, improvement in Australian labor market conditions and changes in income-support policy over the 1990s – which most likely altered the returns to human capital – were probably instrumental in reinforcing the effects of tighter immigrant selection criteria. As much as half of the fall in unemployment rates among women and one third the decline among men appears to have occurred as the result of changes in the returns to demographic and human capital characteristics. Responsible editor:Christoph M. Schmidt     

An evaluation of the Tokyo Round trade agreement using general equilibrium computational methods

An empirically based general equilibrium model involving the United States, Japan, the (nine-member) EEC, and a residual rest of the world is used to evaluate the Tokyo Round trade agreement negotiated under the GATT. Equilibria for post-Agreement policy regimes are computed and compared to a pre-Agreement equilibrium. Results indicate small aggregate welfare impacts but more significant terms of trade effects. Losses seem likely for Third World countries due to an adverse terms of trade change. Under some assumptions the changes in NTB codes produce more significant effects than the tariff cuts in the Agreement.     

Policy modeling of foreign exchange rates

This paper is neither a complete survey of empirical work on exchange rate determination, nor a review of the ballooning volume of theoretical models. It is instead an attempt to classify the main alternative approaches to modeling exchange rates. I shall concentrate on approaches that can be used to assess the effects of alternative policies. There will be four further sections in the paper. The first three sections will each deal withthe structure, empirical support, and policy consequences of three main types of model: purchasing power parity models emphasizing the close and immediate relation of goods markets; interest rate parity models emphasizing the close and immediate international linkage of markets for financial assets; and structural balance-of-payments models that do not assume either of the above linkages to be so strong and immediate as to eliminate the other, and that hence require separate (but interdependent) modeling of trade and capital linkages in the determination of exchange rates. Each of these main categories has many rather distinct models within it, and some models are not easily classified into one of the three categories; I hope that the three-way split will nevertheless serve to make some distinctions that are important for policy modeling.In the final section I shall try to summarize the available model results that pertain to national and international policy choices under a system of more flexible exchange rates, and then to suggest where more or better model building might usefully increase the amount of information available to guide policy decisions.     

情态显隐性的语用分级与CET4/6阅读语篇特征研究

情态表达言者的判断、态度等含义,具有显隐性和主客观性。根据情态的四种取向,本文对近十年的CET4/6阅读中的短文语篇、正确选项和干扰项的语篇作了分析,试图发现各自的情态特征和相关性,以提高阅读理解的效率。     

蒙台梭利语文教学法对4-6岁幼儿阅读能力的实验研究

采用前后测实验法，选取24名4-6岁幼儿，探析蒙台梭利语文教学法对4-6岁幼儿阅读能力的影响。结果表明：在听觉词汇能力方面，4-6岁幼儿在名词上有较好的表现，动词与形容词上相对较弱；在阅读理解方面，大多数的幼儿有明显的进步，能理解日常生活中的常用概念并加以运用，能合理地推理故事中的情节，以及故事中所发生的事件及其缘由；在口语表达方面，幼儿也表现出明显的进步，能进行故事的回忆，能合理的推理故事中的情节，根据故事的内容能产生自我的观点等。以上结论说明，蒙台梭利语文教学法能有效提升幼儿的阅读能力，可用于幼儿园教育实践。