The role of parenthood in shaping the gender wage gap – A comparative analysis of 26 European countries

We use cross-national data on 26 EU countries to estimate how parenthood contributes to the gender wage gap, and assess how institutional elements affect this relationship. We find that irrespective of cultural norms and policies, fathers receive a wage premium, which increases the gender gap. Motherhood gaps vary across countries. The highest gaps are seen in Eastern European countries, where policies and norms lead to long absences from work. Moderate to small penalties are found in Continental Europe, Anglo-Saxon and Nordic countries, alongside higher maternal employment. No motherhood penalties are found for Southern EU countries, where mothers return to work quickly or exit the labor market indefinitely.     

A critical approach to wage devaluation: The case of Spanish economic recovery

In line with the orientation of EU economic policy, the Spanish government has favoured a strategy of internal devaluation as a way of adjusting price levels within the currency union. The results of empirical studies indicate that the internal devaluation applied in Spain does not seem to have attained the desired goals in terms of reducing the relative prices of exports and consolidating a model of growth based on external demand. Indeed, the estimates drawn up show that tailwinds – the depreciation of the euro and the fall in risk premium as results of the measures taken by the ECB, greater economic activity by trading partners and the fall in the price of oil – exercised a decisive influence in the trends followed by the prices of exports and the balance of trade during the period of crisis management in Spain.     

How much is too much: Does the size of income support transfers affect labor supply?

Cash transfer programs pursue mainly protective objectives, but can also impact rural livelihoods by inducing investments in productive activities and changing household labor allocation. We adopt a continuous treatment approach to quantify how households’ labor supply responds to transfer size. We find a shift from paid labor to own farm labor and find that the transfer size is well within a level that would have disincentive effects on time spent on own farm activities. The switch from paid to own farm labor occurs at lower levels of transfers for labor-constrained households, and at higher levels for non-labor constrained households.     

试析埃德蒙·金的比较教育方法论

埃德蒙·金是当代较有影响的比较教育学家,其比较教育方法论在比较教育领域具有重要的地位和深远的影响.作为比较教育相对主义研究范式的典型代表,他提出了文化相对主义的比较研究分析框架,并在研究方法上提出了教育洞察法,从而形成了自成一派的比较教育方法论.     

“李约瑟难题”新解

近代科学为什么不是从处于世界领先地位的中国古代文化中产生,而是在文明程度相对落后的15世纪的欧洲诞生?高度专制、商业落后、观念封闭保守、缺乏理性精神等因素,是中国难以产生近代科学的根源。开放的政治经济制度和观念形态与科学在本性上具有一致性,它们是科技产生和发展的必需条件,在知识经济时代,也是经济增长和社会进步的首要条件。     

基于J2EE的第三方物流管理信息系统分析与设计

分析了第三方物流的业务流程特点和系统需求,介绍了J2EE平台的基本知识和框架特点,并结合某物流公司的物流信息平台建设,探讨了基于J2EE平台的第三方物流管理信息系统的组织结构与设计技术.     

60年来中国特色政治发展道路探索历程的回顾与思考

60年前中国人民走上共产党领导的中国特色政治发展道路具有历史必然性。其探索经历了一个长期复杂艰辛的过程。实践证明60年前选择的政治发展道路是我国走向富强、民主、文明、和谐的惟一正确选择。这条政治发展道路符合我国国情,为我国社会主义生产力和民主的发展,建设社会主义和谐社会,提供了发展方向、制度框架和领导核心的坚强保证。坚持中国特色政治发展道路不动摇、不松懈,对于实现人民当家作主,实现国家统一、民族团结和社会和谐,实现社会主义现代化和中华民族伟大复兴,具有重大意义。     

从盖恩斯《刑前一课》看小说视点与叙事层面的建构

盖恩斯在《刑前一课》里从零视点与悬念的建构、外视点与悖论的建构、内视点与意识流、多视点聚焦与立体感等方面来研究小说视点与叙事层面的相互关联。他从零视点的角度建构人称悬念、瞬间悬念和期待性悬念,从外视点的角度设置了主题悖论、言辞悖论和语境悖论。为了克服零视点和外视点描述的单调性和乏味性,盖恩斯把内视点与意识流进行了有机结合,从触景生情式意识流、内心独白式意识流和交织式意识流等方面探究人物心理与社会环境的内在关联。他还在人物评述和场景氛围等方面采用了多视点策略,从多层次和多侧面的角度来聚焦于具体的人物、物件或场景,构建了叙事层面的立体感,拓展了现代黑人小说创作的美学认知空间。