汤普森“文化唯物主义”的理论与范式

作为理论的"文化唯物主义"是汤普森在探索马克思主义英国化过程中,基于自己对斯大林主义的批判反思和历史研究实践,形成的一种主要适用于自由资本主义时代的历史唯物主义学说。作为范式的"文化唯物主义"是奠基在"自下而上"的观察视角、"人民历史"观念和超越资本主义的乌托邦议程这三个支撑点上的,它具有两种基本作用:真实的经验整体的倾听和再创造;大众文化的社会功能的分析与评价。     

普通高校体育选项课程改革研究

针对广大学生对体育项目的爱好的差别,普通高校开设体育选项课已经势在必行.体育选项课中项目该如何设置,教师知识应如何更新,教学主管部门又该如何配合?这些都是实际工作中应切实解决的问题.     

Saving behaviour and earnings uncertainty: Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey

For the first time, this paper uses a panel data set, the British Household Panel Survey, to analyse saving behaviour in Britain. One objective is to test the precautionary saving hypothesis, according to which households save to self-insure against uncertainty. Our results show that in accordance with this hypothesis, various measures of uncertainty based on earnings variability have a statistically significant effect on households' saving decisions. Moreover, in accordance with the life cycle model, households save more if they expect their financial situation to deteriorate. Received: 15 June 1999/Accepted: 4 January 2001     

Ecosystem resilience, specialized adaptation and population decline: A modern Malthusian theory

The purpose of this article is to construct a theoretical framework characterizing the interactions among economic development, ecosystem equilibrium and possible population decline, and to discuss the population dynamics in the very long run. In our framework, economic activities bridge population and environment. On the one hand, human beings reform the environment through economic activities; on the other hand, economic activities decrease environmental resilience and increase the possibility of an environmental change in a discontinuous and irreversible pattern, as described in Arrow et al. (1995). Furthermore, a highly developed economy also causes over-specialization of human adaptation, which tends to exaggerate the impact of an environmental change on human population size. Received: 19 January 1999/Accepted: 3 July 1999     

青海厄鲁特蒙古与清朝之早期关系述略

清定鼎之初 ,因忙于镇压中原地区的各种反抗势力 ,对于西陲各地只能采取安抚稳定的策略 ,即羁縻政策。清康熙帝之时 ,则逐步加强了对青海地区的统治和管辖 ,将青海诸部纳入中央势力范围之内。     

Enabling robust assessment of QTc prolongation in early phase clinical trials

Since the implementation of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) E14 guideline in 2005, regulators have required a “thorough QTc” (TQT) study for evaluating the effects of investigational drugs on delayed cardiac repolarization as manifested by a prolonged QTc interval. However, TQT studies have increasingly been viewed unfavorably because of their low cost effectiveness. Several researchers have noted that a robust drug concentration‐QTc (conc‐QTc) modeling assessment in early phase development should, in most cases, obviate the need for a subsequent TQT study. In December 2015, ICH released an “E14 Q&As (R3)” document supporting the use of conc‐QTc modeling for regulatory decisions. In this article, we propose a simple improvement of two popular conc‐QTc assessment methods for typical first‐in‐human crossover‐like single ascending dose clinical pharmacology trials. The improvement is achieved, in part, by leveraging routinely encountered (and expected) intrasubject correlation patterns encountered in such trials. A real example involving a single ascending dose and corresponding TQT trial, along with results from a simulation study, illustrate the strong performance of the proposed method. The improved conc‐QTc assessment will further enable highly reliable go/no‐go decisions in early phase clinical development and deliver results that support subsequent TQT study waivers by regulators.     

Some alternative bivariate Kumaraswamy models

In this article we discuss various strategies for constructing bivariate Kumaraswamy distributions. As alternatives to the Nadarajah et al. (2011) bivariate model, four different models are introduced utilizing a conditional specification approach, a conditional survival function approach, and an Arnold–Ng bivariate beta distribution construction approach. Distributional properties for such bivariate distributions are investigated. Parameter estimation strategies for the models are discussed, as are the consequences of fitting two of the models to a particular data set involving the proportion of foggy days at two different airports in Colombia.