2010年中国外语界的语言研究

2010年,中国外语界的语言研究稳中有进,在认知语言学、功能语言学、类型学、对比语言学、翻译、语言哲学、外语教育、语言习得等各个分支领域都取得了不俗的成绩。与此同时,也存在三个方面的主要问题:"创新"已成为时代主题,但并未完全落实到实际研究工作中来;"融合"已成为研究趋势,但真正称得上"融会贯通"的研究人员却屈指可数;"质量"已成为学界共识,但真正称得上高质量的代表性成果却凤毛麟角。展望"十二五",外语学界需要将"创新"思想贯彻落实到每一个研究环节。     

略论海洋战略视阈下的江苏海洋大学建设

伴随国家海洋战略的实施和建设海洋强国目标的提出,江苏沿海开发也随之上升到国家战略层面,因此大力发展海洋高等教育,积极地建设江苏海洋大学,培养造就一支规模宏大、素质优良的海洋人才大军,就成为江苏义不容辞地一项具有战略意义的神圣使命。     

“十二五”期间长三角区域合作与发展的战略重点研究

以长三角区域规划的出台为背景,回顾了长三角区域合作与发展的进程,对长三角区域合作的主要方面进行了总结,进而对“十二五”期间长三角区域合作与发展的战略重点提出了自己的建议。     

Wage inequality and team production: An experimental analysis

Numerous survey studies report that human resource managers curb wage inequality with the intent to avoid detrimental effects on workers’ morale. However, there exists little controlled empirical evidence demonstrating that horizontal social comparisons and wage inequality have adverse effects on worker behavior. In this paper, we present data from a laboratory experiment that studies the impact of wage inequality on participation and effort choices in team production. Overall, we do not find evidence that wage inequality has a significant impact on either participation or effort choices.     

Migration Shocks: Integrating Lesotho’s Retrenched Migrant Miners

This paper finds that the decline in the numbers of Basotho 1 migrant mine workers since the 1990s was not market induced but rather a result of political and policy changes in South Africa. As a result of these changes, household income throughout rural Lesotho dropped significantly. As current migrant households generally do not have skilled workers or operate family businesses, the paper makes a case for training in skills and entrepreneurship as a means of utilizing Lesotho’s comparative advantages to generate domestic employment and absorb retrenched and prospective migrant mine workers.     

“十二五”期间影响上海社会稳定的若干重大因素研究

随着经济发展进入新阶段,我国社会生活出现大量新矛盾、新问题,上海在如何维护社会稳定方面也面临着越来越大的压力,维稳任务更为复杂和艰巨。当前影响上海社会稳定的因素突出表现在社会利益结构失衡、社会维稳环境变迁、社会矛盾化解机制缺陷和社会治理模式落后等几个方面。为此,对“十二五”期间上海的社会稳定提出如下宏观预警：高度重视日益严峻的就业压力,特别要关注受过高等教育的年轻一代的就业问题;高度重视日益紧张的劳资关系,特别要注意利润侵蚀工资、机器排挤劳动、企业侵犯劳动者权益的现象;高度重视流动人口的新动向,特别要注意新生代农民工所带来的挑战;高度重视“中产阶级”的社会稳定,把解决“白领民生”纳入政府议程;高度重视失意群体对社会稳定的影响。据此,提出上海“十二五”期间维稳工作的若干建议：进一步平衡利益关系,促进社会结构和谐;进一步优化社会政策,着力保障和改善民生;进一步完善利益表达机制,规范利益诉求行为;进一步创新社会管理,实现维稳工作的根本转型。     

A Note on Measuring the Depth of Minimum Wage Violation

In the empirical literature on minimum wage enforcement, the standard approach is to measure the number of violations, not their depth. In this paper we present a family of violation indices that, by analogy with poverty indices, can emphasize the depth of violation to different degrees. The standard measure is a special case of this family of indices, but other members of the family highlight the depth of violation. We present an application to South Africa to show that the depth of violation matters, and is not captured by the standard measure in actual situations.     

Residential Location,Job Location,and Wages: Theory and Empirics

I develop a stylized partial on‐the‐job equilibrium search model that incorporates a spatial dimension. Workers reside on a circle and can move at a cost. Each point on the circle has a wage distribution. Implications about wages and job mobility are drawn from the model and tested on Danish matched employer–employee data. The model predictions hold true. I find that workers working farther away from their residence earn higher wages. When a worker is making a job‐to‐job transition where he/she changes workplace location he/she experiences a higher wage change than a worker making a job‐to‐job transition without changing workplace location. However, workers making a job‐to‐job transition that makes the workplace location closer to the residence experience a wage drop. Furthermore, low‐wage workers and workers with high transportation costs are more likely to make job‐to‐job transitions, but also residential moves.     

Does Rent‐sharing Profit Female and Male Workers? Evidence from Israeli Matched Employer–Employee Data

This paper analyses the impact of workplace characteristics on individual wages based on a unique cross‐section matched employer–employee data set for the Israeli private manufacturing sector in 1995. Specifically, we examine the effects of the interaction between profit‐sharing and wages on the gender wage gap. The empirical findings show that individual compensation is significantly and positively correlated with firms’ profits‐per‐employee, even when controlling for all of the following: group effects in the residuals, individual and firms’ characteristics, industry wage differentials and endogeneity of profits. Wage–profit elasticity is found to be 11 per cent and it does not significantly differ between genders. With respect to the overall gender wage gap (on average women earn 28 per cent less than men), the results show that within firms there is no gender discrimination and that 12 per cent of this gap can be explained by the wage–profits profile and by the fact that women are more likely to be employed in less profitable firms than men.     

Unionization and Labour‐market Discrimination: A Closer Look at Non‐unionized Workers

This paper introduces a model that examines the effects of unions on pay and hiring gaps between non‐unionized men and women in the context of imperfect competition. Although the model does not question the advantages unions obtain for their members, it does show that (1) unions increase wage and occupational discrimination for non‐unionized workers; (2) the non‐unionized sector does not constitute a good comparison group for use in analysing the impact of unions on gender discrimination; and (3) public policies targeting gender differences in occupational sorting can also have a positive impact on gender wage differentials.