以真通达意义——戴维森意义理论的思想主线

“以真通达意义”是戴维森意义理论的思想主线。约定-T和彻底的解释是其形式袁征模式和经验解释模式,绝对的真理论是其可靠的理论基础,它们分别表明了“以真通达意义”这条研究道路的必要性、有效性和理论合法性。     

Senior centers in the era of the “Third Age:” Country clubs, community centers, or something else?

This study explored how senior center employees conceptualize their work and organizational mission. Unstructured interviews with multiple service providers (N = 32) and participant observation in one center reveal a growing emphasis on selling individualized lifestyles to young, healthy, and active seniors, as opposed to a more communal, intergenerational approach. In interviews, service providers talked about “community” in vague and ambiguous terms. At the same time, the philosophy of some providers was informed by a well-developed discourse of individual choice. In discussing needed resources and future goals, service providers spoke to the difficulty of appealing to different cohorts of seniors, but focused primarily on the needs of young seniors and expressed a desire to combat the “image problem” of senior centers. These trends have potentially negative implications for intergenerational community and the developmental passages of seniors. Nevertheless, centers offer many opportunities for seniors to forge connections and bridge differences, and the study concludes with some suggestions for building on these existing resources.     

关系化的语篇功能研究——兼论关系从句的再分类

在对关系从句结构(即关系从句+核心名词)的研究中,存在一种广泛的结构主义倾向,即只看到其NP属性,相应地也只注意其指称功能。本文认为,关系从句结构在实施指称功能的同时,也间接地表达了一个命题,即兼有述谓功能;继而在语篇范围内对其功能进行考察,得出结论:关系化可以提高话题的连续性,同时也是合理配置前后景的一种结构手段。文章最后以指称和述谓为纵轴、以核心名词的指称特点和关系从句的属性为横轴对关系从句作了再分类。     

科学思想：断裂抑或连续

科学思想存在于历史上的各个时期,具有历时性特点。然而对科学思想的这种历时性的理解一直存有两种似乎对立的观点,一种观点认为科学思想的发展是连续的,而另一种观点则主张科学思想的发展是观念不断更替的革命过程。如此一来,就出现了孰是孰非的问题。对科学思想的理解可以在采取断裂观的同时,承认连续观的存在。     

关于社会养老保险关系转移接续问题的理论综述

社会养老保险关系转移接续难是制约我国养老保险制度功能发展的主要因素,相关的研究也成为热门话题。当前有关我国社会养老保险关系转移接续问题,主要研究内容和视角涉及养老保险关系转移接续的必要性、养老保险关系转移接续中的利益冲突和阻碍因素以及养老保险关系跨地区转移接续的思路和措施等方面。本文旨在对此进行梳理和评述,并试图探寻其中的缺憾和进一步研究的方向。     

中小城市园林绿化可持续发展探讨

城市园林绿化可持续发展是城市可持续发展的重要内容。本文通过对当代中小城市园林绿化存在问题的分析,提出了中小城市园林绿化可持续发展的对策。     

Estimation and interpretation of models of absolute risk from epidemiologic data,including family-based studies

Absolute risk is the chance that a person with given risk factors and free of the disease of interest at age a will be diagnosed with that disease in the interval (a, a + τ]. Absolute risk is sometimes called cumulative incidence. Absolute risk is a “crude” risk because it is reduced by the chance that the person will die of competing causes of death before developing the disease of interest. Cohort studies admit flexibility in modeling absolute risk, either by allowing covariates to affect the cause-specific relative hazards or to affect the absolute risk itself. An advantage of cause-specific relative risk models is that various data sources can be used to fit the required components. For example, case–control data can be used to estimate relative risk and attributable risk, and these can be combined with registry data on age-specific composite hazard rates for the disease of interest and with national data on competing hazards of mortality to estimate absolute risk. Family-based designs, such as the kin-cohort design and collections of pedigrees with multiple affected individuals can be used to estimate the genotype-specific hazard of disease. Such analyses must be adjusted for ascertainment, and failure to take into account residual familial risk, such as might be induced by unmeasured genetic variants or by unmeasured behavioral or environmental exposures that are correlated within families, can lead to overestimates of mutation-specific absolute risk in the general population.     

Preferences Representable by a Lower Expectation: Some Characterizations

We propose two different characterizations for preference relations representable by lower (upper) expectations with the aim of removing either fair price or completeness requirements. Moreover, we give an explicit characterization for comparative degrees of belief on a finite algebra of events representable by lower probabilities.     

上凸函数的充要条件

上凸函数是一类重要函数,本文给出了上凸函数的两个充要条件,并用二进制小数、有理数列逼近无理数的方法证明了这两个充要条件.     

困境与出路:后税费时代的农村公共事业发展

我国自2000年开始进行农村税费改革试点,2003年在全国全面推行,2006年全面取消农业税.目前我国农村已经开始进入"后税费"时代.农业税的取消在减轻农民负担、促进农业生产发展的同时,也给乡村组织的正常运转以及乡村公共事业的发展带来了极大的影响.如何应对农村公共事业发展面临的困境已经成为后税费时代"三农"问题的焦点.