Name order effects in measuring adolescent social networks using rosters

Recent studies have found order effects in social network data collection, where later names on a roster receive fewer nominations. Some thus argue for randomizing name orders or sampling peer names for survey rosters. We model order effects as biases in nomination choices and demonstrate observational and experimental methods for assessing these biases and illuminating their mechanisms. Employing these lenses, we find little evidence of order effects on eight sociometric questions in four middle school cohorts over six waves. To inform future work, we investigate aspects of the survey situation that may amplify or attenuate order effects. Analyzing these moderating forces offers guidance for detecting, understanding, and mitigating order effects in future research.     

螺旋藻添加剂在稚鳖生长中的作用研究

本试验利用螺旋藻添加剂对稚鳖在控温条件下（30－32℃）进行饲养生长对比研究，结果经统计表明：增重效果随添加量的增加而显著改善，各组之间稚鳖生长差异极显著（P＜0．01），试验组与对照组的成活率差异明显。