中西方代际情感回报模式比较研究

中西方代际情感回报模式的差异主要体现为：当代中国是一种家庭亲情回馈模式，它是以家庭内部子女对父母的“反哺式”式物质赡养和以家庭亲情慰藉为核心的多样化的精神赡养为主要特点。西方发达国家是一种“有距离的亲密”模式，从物质层面看，它通过社会养老保障制度以社会财富的代际转移形式得到间接体现；从精神层面看，它立足于社区照料与居家养老服务，以专门养老机构的精神慰藉为辅助，以子女对父母的日常照料与情感支持为倡导性伦理责任。随着我国社会养老保障制度的完善和居家养老的发展，中国模式将与西方模式趋同。     

BSE Risk Assessment as a Basis for Updating French Screening Policy

The current French bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) surveillance system, based on rapid testing of all cattle over 24 months of age and on clinical diagnosis, detects all clinical cases and some preclinical cases of BSE. Several indicators point to a marked shrinkage of the French BSE epidemic in recent years, owing to risk reduction measures. Meat and bone meal, the only known vector of the BSE agent, was banned in feed for all farmed species in November 2000. Thus the surveillance system may be relaxed. The objective of this risk assessment study was to provide information for decisionmakers on the minimum age at which healthy and high-risk cattle now need to be screened with rapid tests. For this purpose, we used the back-calculation method to project the course of the BSE epidemic. We examined the predicted patterns of the number and age distribution of cases of BSE that would be detected by the different existing surveillance streams. Various theoretical sensitivities of rapid tests were explored. Assuming that feed-borne sources of infection no longer exist, and that BSE does not occur spontaneously, our models suggest that it would have been possible to raise the minimum age for rapid tests to 66 months in early 2006, whereas theoretical reasoning, based on the assumption that the total meat and bone meal ban was effective in November 2001, suggests that this age cutoff could only be raised to 48 months in early 2006. These results only apply to cattle born and bred in France. If the situation remains unchanged, the age cutoff could be raised incrementally each year.     

Technical Note – Pricing Below Cost Under Exchange‐Rate Risk

Pricing below cost is often classified as “dumping” in international trade and as “predatory pricing” in local markets. It is legally prohibited from practice because of earlier findings that it leads to predatory behavior by either eliminating competition or stealing market share. This study shows that a stochastic exchange rate can create incentives for a profit‐minded monopoly firm to set price below marginal cost. Our result departs from earlier findings because the optimal pricing decision is based on a rational behavior that does not exhibit any malicious intent against the competition to be considered as violating anti‐trust laws. The finding is a robust result, because our analysis demonstrates that this behavior occurs under various settings such as when the firm (i) is risk‐averse, (ii) can postpone prices until after exchange rates are realized, (iii) is capable of manufacturing in multiple countries, and (iv) operates under demand uncertainty in addition to the random exchange rate.     

Emergence of entrepreneurial behaviour: The role of age-based self-image

This study introduces an individual’s perception of their entrepreneurial potential in terms of their age (age-based self-image) to complement chronological age as a predictor of entrepreneurial behaviour. The principal hypothesis is that a positive age-based self-image enhances the likelihood of individuals turning their intention to start a business into actual behaviour. The empirical analysis based on data collected on the general adult population of Finland in 2011 and 2012 (n = 672) supports this hypothesis. The analysis further shows that this positive effect is independent of the individual’s chronological age, and it is thus applicable to both age groups that are under-represented in entrepreneurship: ‘youngsters’ and ‘seniors’. Promoting the development of a positive age-based self-image is a prospective policy option for fostering entrepreneurship among younger and older age groups. More in-depth research, especially concerning the antecedents of positive age-based self-image, is required for the effectiveness of such policy interventions.     

Parametric Estimation of Menarcheal Age Distribution Based on Recall Data

Menarche, the onset of menstruation, is an important maturational event of female childhood. Most of the studies of age at menarche make use of dichotomous (status quo) data. More information can be harnessed from recall data, but such data are often censored in a informative way. We show that the usual maximum likelihood estimator based on interval censored data, which ignores the informative nature of censoring, can be biased and inconsistent. We propose a parametric estimator of the menarcheal age distribution on the basis of a realistic model of the recall phenomenon. We identify the additional information contained in the recall data and demonstrate theoretically as well as through simulations the advantage of the maximum likelihood estimator based on recall data over that based on status quo data.     

加强党的领导，切实做好县级统战工作

县级统战工作是我们党统一战线工作的基础。但目前还存在一些亟待解决的问题,如统战部门工作机制不够合理、县级党委对统战工作的重视不够等。为此,我们应切实加强和改善党的领导,加强县级统战工作的队伍建设,不断促进县级统战工作的发展。     

跨世纪台北小说的"冒险性"诠释

本文尝试着解读王德威编选的“三城记小说系列.台北卷”《微雨魂魄》,旨在揭示跨世纪台北小说的丰富、复杂、暧昧与多变的特质,并以小说作为镜像,打量台北的表情,触摸台北的心跳,期待着两岸文学取得共同的发展与繁荣。     

论解放初期党维护雇工权益的政策与实践

为了维护劳资对抗和冲突中弱势一方——劳方的正当权益,解放初期,党和政府从保障雇工就业机会、制定劳动标准体系、建立劳动保护制度三方面构建新中国雇工权益保障制度,这一过程呈现出区分性、节制性和阶段性的历史特点。并且党中央通过加强思想教育,为维护雇工权益提供宽松环境;加强制度建设,为维护雇工权益提供政策依据;加强工会建设,为维护雇工权益提供组织保障。     

中世纪哲学的形成:理性与信仰的调和

理性和信仰是人类精神生活的两大要素,在西方哲学的演进过程中,虽然理性的科学精神占了主导,但整个西方哲学始终运动在理性和信仰交织的精神网络上,尤其是中世纪哲学,理性与信仰的交融与调和孕育出的中世纪哲学,它以一种独特的形态延续着西方哲学发展的轨道。对于欧洲中世纪哲学探析和梳理,有助于我们理解和把握西方哲学的基本精神及发展脉络。