Optimal Retail Return Policies with Wardrobing

Many retailers offer refunds to consumers who, after a trial period, return a product that they find does not fit their needs. Some consumers are willing to use this return option opportunistically for short‐term consumption rather than its intended purpose of resolving fit uncertainty. Such behavior has been termed “wardrobing.” Restocking fees (partial refunds) can be used to combat wardrobing. However, there is a trade‐off involved, since partial refunds will be viewed negatively by consumers who return an item due to a true lack of fit. In this study, we consider how the extent of wardrobing (how many consumers consider such behavior) and the benefit of wardrobing (how much value can be extracted during the trial) impact firm pricing decisions and profits in this retail context. Our results imply that an increase in the extent of wardrobing is most detrimental to profits when the current extent of wardrobing is low. On the contrary, if the extent of wardrobing is already very high, and the benefit of wardrobing to consumers is also high, the retailer can set prices and refunds such that additional wardrobing actually increases firm profits. In a model extension, we show how a retailer can effectively screen wardrobers from ordinary consumers by offering a menu of price/refund pairs, and that such an approach can lead to increased profits if the extent of wardrobing is sufficiently high. Overall, our findings provide new insights into how retailers can set prices and refund policies to effectively manage opportunistic behavior by consumers.     

股市预期收益率与波动关系的研究

利用SV_m模型对Koopman等的研究结论进行了验证,对SV_m模型进行了扩展,提出了一种能捕捉非对称效应的A-SV_m模型,并用该模型和SV_m模型对预期收益率与波动的关系进行了实证研究.研究结果与Koopman等人的结论不同,表明预期收益率与波动之间的关系是时变的,而且波动(条件方差)对预期收益率的影响并不显著.结合Harrison、Campbell等人的研究对结果进行了解释.     

考虑消费者后悔的库存及退货策略研究

消费者预期后悔对在线零售商的决策有显著影响.在考虑消费者预期后悔、需求不确定性以及是否提供退货的情况下,构建了零售商定价和库存优化模型.研究发现,当零售商不提供退货时,消费者的保留价格、零售商的最优价格、最优订货量和期望利润均随着迟疑后悔强度的减弱或购买后悔强度的增加而减小.零售商提供全额退款提高消费者的保留价格,并使得零售商在一定条件下不受消费者预期后悔的影响.零售商是否提供全额退款受到消费者预期后悔、消费者退货成本、产品边际成本和回收残值的综合影响:当退货成本较小且预期后悔满足一定条件时,提供退货是有利的;否则,提供全额退款会降低零售商的期望利润.研究强调在制定退货决策时考虑消费者预期后悔和退货成本的重要性.     

工资收入差异的解释：基于分位数回归的经验研究

利用CHNS2006年的数据,通过分位数回归方法从教育回报率、性别和工作部门的差异三个方面对中国工资收入差异进行研究,得出与以往研究不同的结论。结果表明：教育回报率在工资收入分布上的变动趋势是不定的。在工资收入分布的两端,大专以上学历对工资收入差距的影响相对较大。对不同性别间工资收入差异的分解表明劳动力市场上存在明显的性别歧视,而对部门间工资差异的分解表明在整个工资分布区间,这种差异呈倒＂U＂型走势。     

Nonparametric predictive inference for stock returns

In finance, inferences about future asset returns are typically quantified with the use of parametric distributions and single-valued probabilities. It is attractive to use less restrictive inferential methods, including nonparametric methods which do not require distributional assumptions about variables, and imprecise probability methods which generalize the classical concept of probability to set-valued quantities. Main attractions include the flexibility of the inferences to adapt to the available data and that the level of imprecision in inferences can reflect the amount of data on which these are based. This paper introduces nonparametric predictive inference (NPI) for stock returns. NPI is a statistical approach based on few assumptions, with inferences strongly based on data and with uncertainty quantified via lower and upper probabilities. NPI is presented for inference about future stock returns, as a measure for risk and uncertainty, and for pairwise comparison of two stocks based on their future aggregate returns. The proposed NPI methods are illustrated using historical stock market data.     

Normal mixture method for stock daily returns over different sub-periods

In this paper, the normal mixture model, as an alternative distribution, is utilized to represent the characteristics of stock daily returns over different bull and bear markets. Firstly, we conduct the normality test for the return data and compare the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics of normal mixture models with different components. Secondly, we analyze the likely reasons why parameters change over different sub-periods. Our empirical examination proves that majority of the data series reject the normality assumption and mixture models with three components can model the behavior of daily returns more appropriately and steadily. This result has both statistical and economic significance.     

中国股市收益率长程相关性研究

运用DFA方法对上海综合指数和深圳成分指数三种形式的收益率进行长程相关性研究.结果表明:三种形式的收益率均存在长程相关性,其中绝对值收益率的相关性程度最强;三种形式的收益率在1996年12月16日以前均存在长程相关性,在1996年12月16日以后,收益率的长程相关性程度有所减弱,而绝对值收益率和平方收益率的长程相关性程度却有所增强;两股指收益率的局部相关性均有较大的波动.     

诺苏彝语中缀研究

诺苏彝语除了有前缀和后缀现象外,还有中缀现象。过去,由于人们经常将诺苏彝语中缀当做副词或破词,使 人们无法了解诺苏彝语中缀,更没有人研究过诺苏彝语中缀。本论文详细研究了诺苏彝语中缀ap、tat、y和k。     

新形势下高校强化基建财务管理的探讨

在市场条件下高校基建财务人员在加强日常财务管理的同时,必须树立起高度的工作责任心,抓好事前监督、事中监督、事后监督三个环节,全面理解、贯彻执行《高等学校财务制度》,管好用好各项基本建设资金,提高基建财务管理水平,更好地完成高校各项基建任务,以有限的投资,最快的建设速度,获得最大的投资效益。     

盈余质量对股票收益的影响研究

从财务分析的角度,建立中国上市公司的盈余质量评价指标体系,探讨盈余质量对股票投资收益的解释,研究发现:盈余质量与未来股票收益具有显著的正相关性;盈余质量相对较好的上市公司具有较高的盈余反映系数。因此,盈余质量分析有利于投资者作出正确的投资决策。