Lesbians and Alcohol Abuse: Identifying Factors for Future Research

ABSTRACT

This article explores the reasons why lesbians become substance abusers more frequently than individuals in the heterosexual population. A variety of reasons for this phenomenon are explored using 18 studies to assist in helping to identify reasons for the higher rate of substance abuse among the lesbian population. Factors identified as crucial for further research include: self-esteem, social identity and the influence of bars on substance abuse, the prevalence of suicide, disclosure identification, coming out, religious influence, sexual abuse, and gender self-presentation (butch-appearing masculine/femme-appearing effeminate).     

Drinking Game Participation Among Undergraduate Students Attending National Alcohol Screening Day

Abstract

Objectives, Participants, Methods: Drinking game participation has increased in popularity among college students and is associated with increased alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. The current study investigated drinking game participation among 133 undergraduates attending National Alcohol Screening Day (NASD) in April of 2007. Results: A large percentage of the sample reported lifetime (77%) and recent (52%) drinking game participation. Males were more likely to report recent participation and reported higher levels of consumption while playing drinking games. Drinking game participants were more likely to experience a range of alcohol-related problems, and the relationship between drinking game participation and alcohol-related problems was mediated by weekly alcohol consumption. Conclusions: These results suggest that drinking game participation is a risk factor for elevated levels of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. Programs should be developed to educate students about the risks of drinking game participation, and prevention programs like NASD should address drinking games.     

The Right to Take Risks: Alcohol and Older People

This paper examines policy and practice regarding the purchase of alcohol for older clients of home carers in three local authorities in the Greater London area. Data were gathered from interviews with home carers and their managers, focus group discussions, and a postal survey. None of the local authorities had a written policy or written guidance on alcohol purchase or on appropriate responses to the identification of problematic drinking in older clients. The findings illustrate the problem of balancing "rights" and "risks" within a philosophy of community care which emphasizes client choice and autonomy, and show how policy and practice are "tailored" by local contexts. It is suggested that both home carers and other domiciliary workers, as well as their older clients, could benefit from a clear code of practice regarding responses to alcohol consumption and problematic drinking by older people.     

Adolescent Drinking at Younger Age Exist in Three Large Cities of China

正On May 20,2014,at the Seminar of Influence of Alcohol on Special Groups held in Beijing,Ma Guansheng,Deputy Director of National Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,called     

Factores individuales,familiares y educativos asociados al consumo de alcohol en jóvenes

Resumen

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la relación entre el consumo de alcohol en jóvenes y diversos factores de riesgo individuales (patrón de conducta Tipo A, autoestima), familiares (satisfacción con el entorno familiar, nivel de estudios de los padres y nivel socioeconómico familiar percibido) y educativos (rendimiento académico y satisfacción con los estudios). La muestra estuvo configuradapor 413 jóvenes de 18 a 20 años, quienes respondieron distintas escalas e instrumentos relativos a las variables estudiadas. Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas entre consumidores y no consumidores de alcohol en las dimensiones de impaciencia, hostilidad, rendimiento académico y satisfacción con los estudios, en el sentido de que los jóvenes que consumen alcohol diaria o sema- nalmentepresentan, respecto a los no consumidores, mayores niveles de hostilidad e impaciencia, menor rendimiento académico y menor satisfacción respecto a los estudios. Finalmente, los resultados obtenidos a través de análisis de regresión logística indican que las variables psicosociales que mejor predicen el consumo de alcohol son el nivel de impaciencia y el rendimiento académico.     

Perception of Substance Use Problems in Asian American Communities by Chinese,Indian, and Vietnamese American Youth

SUMMARY

The study was a cross-sectional survey using a convenience sample of 87 Asian American youth respondents to examine their perceptions of substance use problems in the Asian American community. The authors examined respondents' perceptions of the severity of substance use problems in the Asian American community, perceived characteristics of persons with problems of substance use, perceived etiology of substance use problems, beliefs about treatment, perceived help-seeking preferences and helpful services. The youth demonstrated an increased awareness of the severity of substance use problems in the community, although such awareness was more prominent for drinking problems than drug use problems. Respondents showed a positive attitude toward treatment, although such an attitudinal change was not yet accompanied by a change in their behavioral preferences. Findings suggested a tendency for Asian American youth respondents to utilize personal resources rather than professional help or formal treatment programs in response to substance use problems. In addition, respondents shared similar “myths” of Asian problem drinkers and drug users. Implications for developing culturally relevant interventions for prevention and treatment as well as future research are discussed.     

Mortality among a national population sentenced to compulsory care for substance use disorders in Sweden: Descriptive study

Sweden's compulsory addiction system treats individuals with severe alcohol and narcotics use disorders. Merging data from three national level register databases of those sentenced to compulsory care from 2001 to 2009 (n = 4515), the aims of this study were to: (1) compute mortality rates to compare to the general Swedish population; (2) identify leading cause of mortality by alcohol or narcotics use; and (3) identify individual level characteristics associated with mortality among alcohol and narcotics users. In this population, 24% were deceased by 2011. The most common cause of death for alcohol users was physical ailments linked to alcohol use, while narcotics users commonly died of drug poisoning or suicide. Average age of death differed significantly between alcohol users (55.0) and narcotics users (32.5). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the same three factors predicting mortality: older age (alcohol users OR = 1.28, narcotic users OR = 1.16), gender [males were nearly 3 times more likely to die among narcotics users (p < .000) and 1.6 times more likely to die among alcohol users (p < .01)] and reporting serious health problems (for alcohol users p < .000, for narcotics users p < .05). Enhanced program and government efforts are needed to implement overdose-prevention efforts and different treatment modalities for both narcotic and alcohol users.     

柱层析法制备无甲醇酒精

研究用球状 4A(钠A)型分子筛作固定相 ,以无水乙醇作流动相 ,洗脱方式为迎头法 ,对无水乙醇中的甲醇进行柱层析 ,制备无甲醇酒精     

Tavern proximity,tavern density and socio-economic status as predictors of assault occurrence within New Zealand: a temporal comparison

This paper investigates how the associations between tavern proximity, tavern density and area unit socio-economic status with assault occurrence vary in a temporal sense. Using New Zealand Police data specifying the day, time and location of assaults in 2016 and Ministry of Justice data specifying the location of on-licenced taverns, we construct logistic regression models to determine how well tavern proximity, tavern density and socio-economic status predict the occurrence of assaults at peak (Fri 22:00–Sat 03:00 and Sat 22:00–Sun 03:00) and off-peak times. An equal-sized sample of traffic generators (public venues whose primary function is not the sale of alcohol) is constructed and similar procedures applied. We find that tavern proximity and tavern density are stronger predictors of assault occurrence at peak, compared to off-peak, times. Conversely, socio-economic status is a better predictor of assault occurrence at off-peak times. We also find that whilst tavern proximity and density are stronger predictors of assault occurrence relative to traffic generator proximity and density at peak times, the opposite is true at off-peak times. These results suggest that in order to minimise alcohol-related harm, there is a need for policy-makers to take into account the temporal nature of these relationships.