高管薪酬激励、战略差异与企业研发投入

文章选取2013—2018年A股共计1221家制造业上市企业的数据为研究样本,实证检验了高管薪酬激励、战略差异与企业研发投入的关系。研究发现:高管薪酬激励、战略差异都能显著促进企业研发投入;战略差异能够显著抑制高管薪酬激励对企业研发投入的促进作用。文章不仅丰富了高管薪酬的研究,还为制定企业战略,加大创新力度提供了参考,同时也丰富了企业研发投入影响因素的研究。     

凉山彝族“村幼”教师普通话水平提升策略研究

针对大部分彝族“一村一幼”（简称“村幼”）教师普通话水平较低的情况,四川省教育厅委托省内各师范院校开展了深度贫困县“一村一幼”辅导员能力提升培训工程。这项培训工程的重点培训内容是提升村幼教师的普通话水平。以2019年某师范大学承担的四川省凉山州深度贫困县“一村一幼”辅导员能力提升培训项目中284名参训彝族村幼教师的普通话培训为例,探讨该项目彝族村幼教师普通话水平提升策略如下：第一,语言专家集中对彝族村幼教师进行发音标准化技能培训;第二,学前教育专业教师集中训练彝族村幼教师口语;第三,班主任组织学员每天晨读半小时;第四,志愿者跟进式指导学员每天晚自习训练普通话;第五,培训项目组鼓励学员利用碎片化时间练习普通话。     

网络时代刑法解释论的现实抉择、挑战及其应对

法律的滞后性与社会的多变性决定了刑法客观解释论是我国应对网络犯罪理论与实践做出的双重选择。但不可否认的是,当前网络时代刑法客观解释论存在明显的扩张化趋势,并不断冲击着罪刑法定原则的底线。“主观的客观解释论”名义上是以主观性来纠偏过度的客观性,但实则为主观解释论的翻版,并不可取。从恪守罪刑法定原则、克服刑法滞后性的角度来看,在坚持刑法客观解释论的前提下,为刑法客观解释的扩张化设定刑法用语的可能含义、刑法体系解释规则及罪名规范保护目的三大约束要素,从而将其限定在罪刑法定原则的框架下是更为妥当的选择。     

Moral character: What it is and what it does

Moral character can be conceptualized as an individual's disposition to think, feel, and behave in an ethical versus unethical manner, or as the subset of individual differences relevant to morality. This essay provides an organizing framework for understanding moral character and its relationship to ethical and unethical work behaviors. We present a tripartite model for understanding moral character, with the idea that there are motivational, ability, and identity elements. The motivational element is consideration of others – referring to a disposition toward considering the needs and interests of others, and how one's own actions affect other people. The ability element is self-regulation – referring to a disposition toward regulating one's behavior effectively, specifically with reference to behaviors that have positive short-term consequences but negative long-term consequences for oneself or others. The identity element is moral identity—referring to a disposition toward valuing morality and wanting to view oneself as a moral person. After unpacking what moral character is, we turn our attention to what moral character does, with a focus on how it influences unethical behavior, situation selection, and situation creation. Our research indicates that the impact of moral character on work outcomes is significant and consequential, with important implications for research and practice in organizational behavior.     

Establishing dominance between strategies with interval judgments of state probabilities

In decision-making under uncertainty, a decision-maker is required to specify, possibly with the help of decision analysts, point estimates of the probabilities of uncertain events. In this setting, it is often difficult to obtain very precise measurements of the decision-maker׳s probabilities on the states of nature particularly when little information is available to evaluate probabilities, available information is not specific enough, or we have to model the conflict case where several information sources are available.In this paper, imprecise probabilities are considered for representing the decision-maker׳s perception or past experience about the states of nature, to be specific, interval probabilities, which can be further categorized as (a) intervals of individual probabilities, (b) intervals of probability differences, and (c) intervals of ratio probabilities. We present a heuristic approach to modeling a wider range of types of probabilities as well as three types of interval probabilities. In particular, the intervals of ratio probabilities, which are widely used in the uncertain AHP context, are analyzed to find extreme points by the use of change of variables, not to mention the first two types of interval probabilities. Finally, we examine how these extreme points can be used to determine an ordering or partial ordering of the expected values of strategies.     

Sensitivity Analysis for Critical Control Points Determination and Uncertainty Analysis to Link FSO and Process Criteria: Application to Listeria monocytogenes in Soft Cheese Made from Pasteurized Milk

Microbiological food safety is an important economic and health issue in the context of globalization and presents food business operators with new challenges in providing safe foods. The hazard analysis and critical control point approach involve identifying the main steps in food processing and the physical and chemical parameters that have an impact on the safety of foods. In the risk‐based approach, as defined in the Codex Alimentarius, controlling these parameters in such a way that the final products meet a food safety objective (FSO), fixed by the competent authorities, is a big challenge and of great interest to the food business operators. Process risk models, issued from the quantitative microbiological risk assessment framework, provide useful tools in this respect. We propose a methodology, called multivariate factor mapping (MFM), for establishing a link between process parameters and compliance with a FSO. For a stochastic and dynamic process risk model of in soft cheese made from pasteurized milk with many uncertain inputs, multivariate sensitivity analysis and MFM are combined to (i) identify the critical control points (CCPs) for throughout the food chain and (ii) compute the critical limits of the most influential process parameters, located at the CCPs, with regard to the specific process implemented in the model. Due to certain forms of interaction among parameters, the results show some new possibilities for the management of microbiological hazards when a FSO is specified.     

RFID‐Enabled Visibility and Retail Inventory Record Inaccuracy: Experiments in the Field

Accurate inventory records are key to effective store execution, affecting forecasting, ordering, and replenishment. Prior empirical research, however, shows that retailer inventory records are inherently inaccurate. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) enables visibility into the movement of inventories in the supply chain. Using two different field experiments, the current research investigates the effectiveness of this visibility in reducing retail store inventory record inaccuracy (IRI). Study 1 used an interrupted time‐series design and involved daily physical counts of all products in one category in 13 stores (8 treatments and 5 controls) of a major global retailer over 23 weeks. Results indicate a significant decrease in IRI of approximately 26% due to RFID‐enabled visibility. Using an untreated control group design with pre‐test and post‐test, Study 2 expands the number of categories to five and the number of stores to 62 (31 treatment and 31 control stores). Results show that the effectiveness of RFID in reducing IRI varies by category (ranging from no statistically significant improvement to 81%). Results also suggest that RFID ameliorates the effects of known determinants of IRI and provide the key insight that the technology is most effective for product categories characterized by these determinants.     

拓扑型极大极小不等式、截口定理和抽象经济平衡点的存在性定理

利用[1]中得到的参数型KKM定理首先证明了区间空间上的几个向量值极大极小定理。应用这些结果,得到了几个拓扑型截口定理和另外三种等价形式,最后讨论了抽象经济平衡点的存在性问题。     

Ultrastructural elliptical models

Dolby's (1976) ultrastructural model with no replications is investigated within the class of the elliptical distributions. General asymptotic results are given for the sample covariance matrix S in the presence of incidental parameters. These results are used to study the asymptotic behaviour of some estimators of the slope parameter, unifying and extending existing results in the literature. In particular, under some regularity conditions they are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. For the special case of the structural model, some asymptotic relative efficiencies are also reported which show that generalized least squares and the method of moment estimators can be highly inefficient under nonnormality.     

ERP实施后的企业人员培训

针对基于供应链思想而提出的、对企业资源进行统筹安排的ERP新的管理模式下的企业人员培训问题进行了研究,对企业应该如何进行员工培训以及培训的内容、重点进行了分析,并从培训计划的制定及培训效果的检查两方面提出了确保培训效果应注意的问题。