Using Qualitative Methods with Poor Children in Urban Ethiopia: Opportunities &; Challenges

This paper discusses the advantages and challenges of using qualitative methods to elicit poor children’s perspectives about threats and positive influences on their wellbeing. It draws on research carried out by the author on the subjective experiences of poor children in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia in terms of their understandings of wellbeing, threats to their wellbeing, coping strategies, and positive or resilient outcomes. After a brief introduction reviewing previous approaches to child poverty in general and research on Ethiopian children in particular, the second section describes the research setting and the ethical approach to the study, which influenced how consent was obtained and the data analysed. The paper then describes the use of qualitative methods such as semi-structured interviews, draw-and-tell, and diaries, the kinds of data they produced and the methodological and ethical dilemmas and tensions encountered in using them. It concludes that despite the challenges qualitative methods are invaluable in order to understand what poor children see as threats and positive influences on their wellbeing.

外来工子女留守与流动的教育状况比较

在教育公共政策转型的社会背景下,经济因素和外来工家庭凶素是影响其子女在城乡之间进行就读选择的重要原因。外来工子女进入城市上学的成本是留守在农村的两到三倍;外来工子女流入城市就读的主要因素并非是农村的教育质量问题;外来工子女流入城市比留守在农村老家更容易失学。     

孔子和亚里士多德的“中庸”思想与儿童教育主张的比较

孔子和亚里士多德都是伟大的思想家和教育家.在相似的历史背景下,他们提出了"中庸"思想.在其教育主张中,"中庸"思想充分体现在其教育目标是培养具有"中庸"之道的统治者之中,他们还确立了因材施教、注重道德实践、循序渐进以及美育与德育相结合的教育原则.     

试论《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》的儿童视角

马克·吐温的儿童小说《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》借助儿童尚未受到成人世界人情世故和意识形态浸染的本真生命体验,以哈克天真无邪的眼睛来观察世界,生动地叙述了惊险刺激的故事情节,真实细腻地展现了纯真拙朴的童心世界,进而还原出世界的本来面貌,深化了小说的主题。而促使作家选用儿童视角进行创作的深层心理因素,则是作家的儿童情结与童年生活体验,以及深受圣经文化熏陶的对理想世界潜在的精神需求。     

基于儿童视角的幼儿绘本选择偏好研究

从儿童视角出发,通过马赛克的方法倾听山西某幼儿园大、中、小班幼儿对绘本选择时的意见,运用NVivo12定性分析软件对原始资料进行编码和分析。研究发现:幼儿对绘本的偏好主要受内部体验、情节、自身兴趣与经验以及角色形象等因素的影响,除此之外绘本的封面和题材在一定程度上影响幼儿对绘本的态度,而艺术风格、造型、图画技法、开本对幼儿绘本选择的影响较低。最后对幼儿绘本选择偏好的总体特点以及“儿童参与”的困境进行了分析讨论,并从绘本的创作者和传递者两个不同的主体提出可能的突破策略:绘本创作者:倾听幼儿的声音,理解幼儿的需求;绘本传递者:重视幼儿的参与,构建发展共同体。     

谁更会给老年父母人经济支持？

[内容]文章利用2014年《中国老年社会追踪调查(农村部分)》数据,对同一家庭不同子女的具体代际经济支持进行分析。结果发现,农村家庭养老仍然有着广泛的基础,子女代际经济支持比例和数量存在子女性别、子女排行、子女婚姻、子女受教育程度、子女的居住方式、子女的迁移距离和子女的经济状况的显著差异,女儿和儿子在代际经济支持上同时发挥着重要作用。并且,老年父母个体因素、子女具体状况和代际关系都对代际经济支持有显著影响。     

留美幼童与近代中国政治

留美幼童是近代中国第一批留学的群体。他们在近代中国的历史舞台上扮演着重要的角色．特别是在归国以后的岁月里,他们对近代中国政治的贡献比较明显,其表现为：第一,引进近代风气,冲击官僚旧习;第二,维护铁路主权,引爆革命高潮;第三,投身革命实践,促进民主进程。     

Overcoming Barriers to Using Empirically Supported Therapies to Treat Childhood Anxiety Disorders in Social Work Practice

Anxiety disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Most empirically supported treatments (ESTs) for pediatric anxiety disorders include various cognitive-behavioral methods. Although demonstrated efficacious in controlled and clinic settings, there are barriers to implementing these types of therapies in social work settings due to beliefs about the usefulness of ESTs in community settings; limitations of treatment manuals; time constraints of implementing ESTs; fidelity and flexibility of implementing ESTs; and limited training opportunities. This article provides an overview of ESTs for childhood anxiety disorders, highlighting options for overcoming common barriers to implementing ESTs. Collaborative multi-method approaches to advance implementation of ESTs in social work practice are suggested.     

Occupational stratification,job-mismatches,and child poverty: Understanding the disadvantage of Black immigrants in the US

This study examines the implications of occupational stratification and job mismatches for the welfare of children, using data from the 2005–2009 American Community Survey. The results show that Black children of immigrants have household heads that are more likely to have occupations with low SEI scores than children in US-born households. More importantly, they demonstrate that intersections between parental job-mismatches and employment in the bottom rather than upper levels of the occupational distribution have important implications for understanding poverty differences among children. Job mismatches within occupations with low SEI scores are associated with greater poverty risks among Black than White, Asian, or Hispanic children of immigrants. However, racial poverty disparities are considerably lower among children with household heads in the highest occupational strata.     

Rhetoric or reality? An economic analysis of the effects of religion in Sweden

On the basis of simple rational-choice theory, it is argued that Christian religious involvement influences the divorce, abortion, non-payment, and children-born-out-of-wedlock rates negatively. This influence stems from an expectation that a god punishes certain forms of action and from social reprimands of devotees. Regression analysis is then used to test the theory in the case of Sweden in the year 1990, and the importance of religion, in its negative effect on all of these rates, is strongly confirmed. A particularly interesting result: the marginal effect on three of these rates of increasing the fraction of people active in the Church of Sweden is clearly larger than the marginal effect of increasing the fraction of more conservative free-church members.