Ridge estimator with correlated errors and two-stage ridge estimator under inequality restrictions

Liew (1976a Liew, C.K. (1976a). A two-stage least-squares estimation with inequality restrictions on parameters. Rev. Econ. Stat. LVIII(2):234–238.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) introduced generalized inequality constrained least squares (GICLS) estimator and inequality constrained two-stage and three-stage least squares estimators by reducing primal–dual relation to problem of Dantzig and Cottle (1967 Dantzig, G.B., Cottle, R.W. (1967). Positive (semi-) definite matrices and mathematical programming. In: Abadie, J., ed. Nonlinear Programming (pp. 55–73). Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing Co. [Google Scholar]), Cottle and Dantzig (1974 Cottle, R.W., Dantzig, G.B. (1974). Complementary pivot of mathematical programming. In: Dantzig, G.B., Eaves, B.C., eds. Studies in OptimizationVol. 10. Washington: Mathematical Association of America. [Google Scholar]) and solving with Lemke (1962 Lemke, C.E. (1962). A method of solution for quadratic programs. Manage. Sci. 8(4):442–453.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) algorithm. The purpose of this article is to present inequality constrained ridge regression (ICRR) estimator with correlated errors and inequality constrained two-stage and three-stage ridge regression estimators in the presence of multicollinearity. Untruncated variance–covariance matrix and mean square error are derived for the ICRR estimator with correlated errors, and its superiority over the GICLS estimator is examined via Monte Carlo simulation.     

Objective Bayesian hypothesis testing in regression models with first-order autoregressive residuals

This article considers the objective Bayesian testing in the normal regression models with first-order autoregressive residuals. We propose some solutions based on a Bayesian model selection procedure to this problem where no subjective input is considered. We construct the proper priors for testing the autocorrelation coefficient based on measures of divergence between competing models, which is called the divergence-based (DB) priors and then propose the objective Bayesian decision-theoretic rule, which is called the Bayesian reference criterion (BRC). Finally, we derive the intrinsic test statistic for testing the autocorrelation coefficient. The behavior of the Bayes factor-based DB priors is examined by comparing with the BRC in a simulation study and an example.     

On testing uniformity using an information-theoretic measure

As a measure of certainty, informational energy has been used in many statistical problems. In this article, we introduce some estimators of this quantity by modifying the basic estimator available in the literature. The new measures are then used to develop tests of uniformity. A Monte Carlo simulation study is performed to evaluate power behavior of the proposed tests. The results confirm the preference of the new tests in some situations.     

Testing exponentiality based on Kullback—Leibler information for progressively Type II censored data

In many life-testing and reliability experiments, data are often censored in order to reduce the cost and time associated with testing and since the conventional Type-I and Type-II censoring schemes are not flexible enough, progressive censoring is developed by researchers. In this article, we develop a general goodness of fit test by using a new estimate of Kullback–Leibler information based on progressively Type-II censored data. Consistency and other properties of the proposed test are shown. Then, we use the proposed test statistic to test for exponentiality based on progressively Type-II censored data. The power values of the proposed test under different progressively Type-II censoring schemes are computed, through Monte Carlo simulations. It is observed that the proposed test is quite powerful in compared with the test proposed by Balakrishnan et al. (2007 Balakrishnan, N., Habibi Rad, A., and Arghami, N. R. (2007). Testing exponentiality based on Kullback–Leibler information with progressively type-II censored data. IEEE Transactions on Reliability 56:301–307. [Google Scholar]). Two real datasets from progressive censoring literature are finally presented for illustrative purpose.     

高中生的认知方式与焦虑和学习成绩的关系

探讨高中生的认知方式与焦虑水平和学习成绩的关系。运用镶嵌图形测验（EFT）和心理健康诊断测验（MHT）对361名高中生的认知方式和焦虑水平进行测量。结果发现认知方式和焦虑水平呈显著的负相关，不同认知方式个体在焦虑水平上存在显著的差异，场独立个体的焦虑水平较低。认知方式和数学成绩呈显著的正相关，不同认知方式个体在数学成绩上存在显著的差异，场独立个体的数学成绩较高。焦虑水平与学习成绩的相关不显著。     

Test inversion bootstrap confidence intervals

In this paper we explore the theoretical and practical implications of using bootstrap test inversion to construct confidence intervals. In the presence of nuisance parameters, we show that the coverage error of such intervals is O ( n ^−1/2) which may be reduced to O ( n ⁻¹) if a Studentized statistic is used. We present three simulation studies and compare the performance of test inversion methods with established methods on the problem of estimating a confidence interval for the dose–response parameter in models of the Japanese atomic bomb survivors data.     

PSC“说话”测试的学理依据与界域定位

普通话水平测试(PSC)中“说话”测试的考核内容,测评争议一直较大,不少测试员对该测试项的评分操作难于把握,其中一个重要原因是对语言测试的相关理论缺乏足够的了解。有鉴于此,文章通过对“说话”测试学理与界域的分析,为“说话”测试提供较为科学的理论范式,以求提高普通话水平测试的效度。     

科学评价研究生入学考试:一种基于数理分析的方法

研究生入学考试成绩分布情况受很多因素影响,有命题难易度和分值搭配的问题,有命题重点是否存在重复的问题,还有每年生源质量不一的问题等等。运用数理统计的方法,简化分析环节,采用一套新的指标,对某高校的研究生入学考试专业课成绩进行了统计分析。文中对于偏态系数的重新定义,是一个更能准确反映出考试成绩偏态分布的参数,在此定义基础上利用统计计算功能就可以顺利计算出各统计量。为了能够反映考生考试成绩的整体情况,不对每一个考试科目进行具体分析,仅将考生按照文理科分类,将每个考生的两门专业成绩合计进行统计分析。提出的这种数理分析方法,希望能够为命题质量分析提供一个新的角度和手段,为切实提高研究生入学考试命题质量,做好研究生招生提供客观依据。     

PSC朗读的情感需要

普通话水平测试需要从细部上逐渐完善,进一步把特色做强。在朗读测试项突显其应有的情感性,纠正普通话水平测试朗读中的重声轻情倾向,声情并重。文章着重从普通话水平测试朗读的实质、目的、语料(60篇朗读作品)和普通话水平测试朗读的现实以及适应未来现代化测试的角度展开论述。     

转变教育思想,深化外语教学改革

以转变教育思想、更新教育观念、加快大学外语教学改革为主线,结合多年大学外语教学经验,以具体事例为依据,探讨了在培养学生创造性应用语言的能力、坚持"启发式"教学方法和调整大学俄语四级考试等诸方面问题,对推行大学外语教学改革、提高教学质量具有现实意义.