A direct procedure for monitoring the coefficient of variation using a variable sample size scheme

A variable sample size (VSS) scheme directly monitoring the coefficient of variation (CV), instead of monitoring the transformed statistics, is proposed. Optimal chart parameters are computed based on two criteria: (i) minimizing the out-of-control ARL (ARL₁) and (ii) minimizing the out-of-control ASS (ASS₁). Then the performances are compared between these two criteria. The advantages of the proposed chart over the VSS chart based on the transformed statistics in the existing literature are: the former (i) provides an easier alternative as no transformation is involved and (ii) requires less number of observations to detect a shift when ASS₁ is minimized.     

Exponentially weighted moving average charts for correlated multivariate Poisson processes

In this article, we study exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control schemes to monitor the multivariate Poisson distribution with a general covariance structure, so that the practitioner can simultaneously monitor multiple correlated attribute processes more effectively. The statistical performance of the charts is assessed in terms of the run length properties and compared against other mainstream attribute control schemes. The application of the proposed methods to real-life and simulated datasets is demonstrated.     

Beyond interviewer effects in the standardized measurement of ego-centric networks

The effects which interviewers exert on the collection of ego-centric networks have recently come into the focus of methodological considerations. Studies consistently show that the size of networks varies depending on the interviewer. We would like to expand on this research strand by pointing to different aspects which have so far gone unremarked in the discussion. First, size is mainly analysed as a network measure which is influenced during data collection, while other common measures such as network density or composition have not received sufficient consideration. Second, large-scale surveys using face-to-face interviews usually allocate interviewers to a single sampling point. Differences between sampling points (locality effects) are attributed to interviewer effects. Hence, we disentangle the effects of the locality and interviewer. Third, the discussion on interviewer effects often follows an “actor-oriented” consideration of how data collection situations are structured by interviewers. Expanding this approach from a relational perspective, we consider the relationship between the interviewers and respondents and whether this relationship influences the collection of network data. To test our hypotheses about the influence of interviewers, the locality and the interviewer-respondent relationship on different network measures, we use data from the 2010 German General Social Survey (n = 2827 respondents, n = 220 interviewers). The multilevel analyses show that the relationship between the interviewer and the respondent is not very relevant. Furthermore, the analyses show that interviewers have an influence on the network size but not on measures of their composition. However, evidence on the prevalence of locality or interviewer effects is mixed. Finally, homophilous interviewer-respondent relationships have very little effect on network characteristics. We find evidence of training and fatigue effects on network size. However, much of the variation in network size caused by the interviewer still remains unexplained. We draw conclusions on how to organize interview situations in surveys.     

制度变迁过程的历史沉淀成本效应分析

在新古典完全竞争市场理论——历史沉淀成本决策无关性的假设前提背景下,从未来不确定性、信息不完全和财务预算约束等角度考察历史沉淀成本对制度变迁过程的影响,为制度变迁过程确立一个新的分析视角,从而弥补了原有研究的不足。在现实经济生活中,市场不完全是常态,有限理性、交易成本、信息不完全和环境不确定性等因素普遍存在,历史沉淀成本很容易发挥作用,从而表明:未来越不确定,信息越不完全,资源越稀缺,导致财务预算越硬,历史沉淀成本效应越大,制度变迁过程越困难;反之越容易。由此可发现,在放松完全竞争市场的假设前提条件下,当事人的决策不可能不受到历史沉淀成本的影响。因此,只有当事人对历史沉淀成本的约束条件作出正确的理性反应,才能使其决策更加贴近真实世界,这对于全面认识制度变迁过程具有重要的理论创新意义和现实指导价值。     

从“凯恩斯效应”到“阿米曲线”——政府规模与经济增长关系的非线性转向

政府规模与经济增长之间的关系问题是宏观经济研究中的核心问题之一.关于两者关系的传统研究往往以线性假定为基础,所以实证结果出现了巨大的差异.这种现象促使研究者从非线性角度重新审视政府规模与经济增长之间的关系.“巴罗法则”在内生增长框架内为政府规模与经济增长关系研究提供了一个标准的分析框架,揭示了两者之间的倒“U”关系.而“Armey曲线”不仅非常直观地表达了政府规模与经济增长之间的非线性关系,同时还指出这种非对称关系的非对称性质,具有很强的总结性和政策指导意义.     

论政府对会计监管的必要性、缺陷和效果

政府会计监管对纠正市场失灵、重新配置社会经济资源和调节经济运行有显著效果。同时 ,也存在严重缺陷 ,其表现为 :政府垄断会计规范制定权导致政府行为低效率 ;政府监管目标多元化导致政府角色冲突 ;政府会计监管部门行动不协调导致会计监管效率下降。政府会计监管要适度 ,监管不足和监管过度都是监管效果低下的表现。我国会计监管的现状是监管不足和监管过度两者并存     

我国中性财政政策选择解析

从一国经济的可持续发展来看,积极财政政策的实施只能是阶段性、暂时性的,随着一国经济形势的发展变化应适时适度做出相应调整,才能更加科学地调控宏观经济布局和结构,使其沿着健康、稳定的发展运行轨道前进。伴随着我国积极财政政策的连续实行,经济增长加速效应突出,国民经济领域产生了许多结构性的问题和矛盾,这迫使我国财政政策的选择有必要由扩张性向中性转移。把握积极财政政策向中性的财政政策逐步过渡的“火候”,就要充分适应经济形势的不断变化,在调控目标、调控方式、调控手段和方法组合上进行适时调整,采用更为适合我国国情的科学的宏观调控财政手段。     

转型期我国职工下岗问题的社会学分析

企业职工大规模下岗是我国转型期特有的经济社会现象.从社会学视角看,下岗实质上是失业,必然产生多重社会效应.再就业工程作为政府动员社会资源解决下岗失业问题的应急措施,不可能长期搞下去,必须着眼于劳动力市场的发育和完善,寻找市场、政府和社会三方面的结合点,这是解决下岗失业问题的治本之策.     

家庭体育在全民健身运动中的作用

随着现代社会经济的迅速发展,人们生活水平和文化素质的提高,体育运动已成为社会发展和人们生活所不可缺少的文化内容。论述了家庭体育在全民健身运动中的意义及作用,指出家庭体育将成为现代家庭生活的重要标志,而且还为全民健身运动的顺利开展起着非常重要的作用。