Controlling the familywise error rate with plug-in estimator for the proportion of true null hypotheses

Summary.  Estimation of the number or proportion of true null hypotheses in multiple-testing problems has become an interesting area of research. The first important work in this field was performed by Schweder and Spjøtvoll. Among others, they proposed to use plug-in estimates for the proportion of true null hypotheses in multiple-test procedures to improve the power. We investigate the problem of controlling the familywise error rate FWER when such estimators are used as plug-in estimators in single-step or step-down multiple-test procedures. First we investigate the case of independent p -values under the null hypotheses and show that a suitable choice of plug-in estimates leads to control of FWER in single-step procedures. We also investigate the power and study the asymptotic behaviour of the number of false rejections. Although step-down procedures are more difficult to handle we briefly consider a possible solution to this problem. Anyhow, plug-in step-down procedures are not recommended here. For dependent p -values we derive a condition for asymptotic control of FWER and provide some simulations with respect to FWER and power for various models and hypotheses.     

Regularization through variable selection and conditional MLE with application to classification in high dimensions

It is often the case that high-dimensional data consist of only a few informative components. Standard statistical modeling and estimation in such a situation is prone to inaccuracies due to overfitting, unless regularization methods are practiced. In the context of classification, we propose a class of regularization methods through shrinkage estimators. The shrinkage is based on variable selection coupled with conditional maximum likelihood. Using Stein's unbiased estimator of the risk, we derive an estimator for the optimal shrinkage method within a certain class. A comparison of the optimal shrinkage methods in a classification context, with the optimal shrinkage method when estimating a mean vector under a squared loss, is given. The latter problem is extensively studied, but it seems that the results of those studies are not completely relevant for classification. We demonstrate and examine our method on simulated data and compare it to feature annealed independence rule and Fisher's rule.     

Another look at Huber's estimator: A new minimax estimator in regression with stochastically bounded noise

Huber's estimator has had a long lasting impact, particularly on robust statistics. It is well known that under certain conditions, Huber's estimator is asymptotically minimax. A moderate generalization in rederiving Huber's estimator shows that Huber's estimator is not the only choice. We develop an alternative asymptotic minimax estimator and name it regression with stochastically bounded noise (RSBN). Simulations demonstrate that RSBN is slightly better in performance, although it is unclear how to justify such an improvement theoretically. We propose two numerical solutions: an iterative numerical solution, which is extremely easy to implement and is based on the proximal point method; and a solution by applying state-of-the-art nonlinear optimization software packages, e.g., SNOPT. Contribution: the generalization of the variational approach is interesting and should be useful in deriving other asymptotic minimax estimators in other problems.     

能本管理——现代企业人力资源管理的新动向

随着社会主义市场经济、知识经济、信息经济的快速发展 ,现代企业人力资源管理正逐步走向对人的知识、智力、技能和实践创新能力的管理。为了适应知识经济快速发展 ,西方经济学家与企业家提出“能本管理”的企业管理思想 ,应引起企业的高度重视并广为运用。“能本管理”的核心是以人的知识、智力、技能和实践创新能力为内容 ,以人的能力、智力为管理理念。其实质 ,就是建立一种“各尽其能”的人力资源管理机制 ,是“人本管理”发展的新阶段     

增长曲线模型非齐次线性估计的可容许性

讨论增长曲线模型Y =X1BX2 +ε中回归矩阵B的函数C1BC2 的估计L1YL2 +A ,在矩阵损失 (LT2 L1)Y +A - (ST2 XT2 S1X1)B (LT2 L1)Y +A - (ST2 XT2 S1X1)B T 下 ,我们得到了非齐次线性估计L1YL2 +A在非齐次线性估计类Г ={L1YL2 +A|L1:t×p ,L2 ;n×n ,A :t×s均为已知实阵 }中可容许的充要条件 :L1YL2在Г0 ={L1YL2 |L1:t×p ,L2 :n×s均为已知实阵 }中容许且当LT2 XT2 L1X1=ST2 XT2 S1X1时有A =0。     

科技创新法律保障问题论略

法律对科技进步的独特贡献表明 :要提高科技创新水平 ,必须健全法律保障机制。我国现行科技立法中仍存在着较为突出的科学性、系统性不足 ,这种不足严重地制约了对科技创新保障作用的发挥。立足国情 ,在科学的原则指导下 ,精心设计各项法律制度 ,是完善我国科技法 ,使其进一步发挥促进和保障科技创新作用的内在要求。     

Modeling the impact of supra-structural network nodes: The case of anonymous syringe sharing and HIV among people who inject drugs

Networks are well understood as crucial to the diffusion of HIV among injection drug users (IDUs), but quasi-anonymous risk nodes - such as shooting galleries - resist measurement and incorporation into empirical analyses of disease diffusion. Drawing on network data from 767 IDUs in Bushwick, Brooklyn, we illustrate the use of calibrated agent-based models (CABMs) to account for network structure, injection practices, and quasi-anonymous transmission in shooting galleries. Results confirm the importance of network structure and actor heterogeneity to the magnitude and speed of HIV transmission. Models further demonstrate that quasi-anonymous injections in shooting galleries increase the speed of HIV diffusion across the whole network and have the greatest impact on HIV seroconversion levels for IDUs at the network periphery. Shooting galleries are shown to be transmission hubs that operate independently of traceable structural ties, linking otherwise unconnected network components. CABMs potentially increase understandings of HIV diffusion dynamics by infusing computer simulations with empirical data.     

国际金融危机对我国资源经济型地区增长的影响与对策

由于我国资源型地区经济与东部沿海地区的制造业之间存在明显的上下游产业关联,国际金融危机对制造业的冲击必然传导到资源型经济地区。资源型经济地区受金融危机的影响存在一定的滞后性,但受冲击程度更深;同时,扩大内需政策在资源型地区发挥政策效应也存在一定的滞后性。因此,扩大内需政策重点应突出短期效应强、对本地需求拉动效应明显的领域,以确保资源型经济地区经济的平稳增长。     

中国资源型产业结构调整与升级研究述评

长期以来我国中西部地区凭借资源禀赋优势大力发展资源型产业,推动了地区和国家经济的工业化进程,目前已经形成以资源型产业为主导的区域性经济结构体系。然而,资源型产业的快速发展和扩张也产生了强烈的经济结构和行为方式的低级化趋势,以及日益加深的路径依赖,为这些省区经济社会发展带来了诸多问题和障碍。为此,诸多学者和专业研究者对资源型产业结构调整与升级的相关理论和实践进行了多方面的研究和实践,本文以这些研究为基础,通过借鉴国际经验,结合我国资源型产业结构调整与升级的实际问题,对我国今后实现资源型产业结构与升级进行评述并提出需进一步研究的问题。     

儒家“义—利”价值结构与西方“财富”价值结构比较研究简

通过中国儒家和西方经济价值结构的比较研究,发现儒家以“义一利”为价值结构模型,西方以“财富”为价值结构模型。儒家价值结构的基本特征是“义体利用”,表现方式是：强国的道义在于顺天时、尽地利、忠人和;安国的道义在于民朴民富;治国的道义在于蓄储俭用。西方价值结构的基本特征是“利体义用”,表现方式是：鼓励获取财富、财富规则和财富责任。儒家“义一利”价值结构与西方“财富”价值结构是两种不同的价值评判话语体系,在中国现代“义利共体”的价值结构建构中,儒家价值结构提供着人文精神基础,西方价值结构提供着物质文明建设可资借鉴的经验。