理智取向教师专业发展的理念与策略

理智取向教师专业发展强调“专业知识与技能”对于教学专业的重要性,认为教师的专业发展便是对专业知识与技能的习得。理智取向教师专业发展理念深受科学实证主义、行为主义心理学及早期认知心理学的影响,这在其教师观、教学过程观、教学知识观、教学专长观、教师发展过程观等方面均有明显体现。理智取向教师专业发展的主要策略有：以专业标准为本,规定教师发展的内容和方向;由教师教育机构主导,突出教师教育者的影响;注重教育专家的学术引领,借鉴教育学术研究成果;关注教师的教学行为和教学认知,强调个体的着意训练。     

英语词块强化注意教学模式的实证研究

注意力是促使语言输入转化为内在知识的必要和充分条件。本研究通过为期一学期的教学实验,对英语词块强化注意教学模式和传统教学模式的教学效果进行了比较,探究了词块强化注意教学模式的有效性。结果发现:该模式教学能显著提高词块应用水平、英语综合水平和作文水平,而对听力和阅读理解水平的提高则无明显效果。研究证实:通过教学手段提高和强化输入词块的频率与突显程度、以及设计以词块输出为中心的教学任务可以促进词块由输入转变成内在知识、提高语言加工深度,从而提高语言产出水平。     

污染减排、外部性与环境技术创新:来自省级环境专利的证据

基于污染外部性机制,推导出含有污染减排外部性的空间Tobit设定。利用中国31个省级环境专利数据,在控制技术外部性的情况下,分离出污染减排外部性对环境技术创新的影响。贝叶斯MCMC方法估计结果显示,污染减排对环境技术创新有显著的正的直接效应,而且还存在显著的负外部效应,从而污染减排的总效应为不显著的正影响,表明忽略污染减排外部性对环境技术创新有重要影响。进而探讨避免污染减排外部性的政策含义。     

Methods for Constructing Uncertainty Intervals for Queries of Bayesian Nets

In this paper the issue of finding uncertainty intervals for queries in a Bayesian Network is reconsidered. The investigation focuses on Bayesian Nets with discrete nodes and finite populations. An earlier asymptotic approach is compared with a simulation‐based approach, together with further alternatives, one based on a single sample of the Bayesian Net of a particular finite population size, and another which uses expected population sizes together with exact probabilities. We conclude that a query of a Bayesian Net should be expressed as a probability embedded in an uncertainty interval. Based on an investigation of two Bayesian Net structures, the preferred method is the simulation method. However, both the single sample method and the expected sample size methods may be useful and are simpler to compute. Any method at all is more useful than none, when assessing a Bayesian Net under development, or when drawing conclusions from an ‘expert’ system.     

Estimation for an inverted exponentiated Rayleigh distribution under type II progressive censoring

In this paper, we consider estimation of unknown parameters of an inverted exponentiated Rayleigh distribution under type II progressive censored samples. Estimation of reliability and hazard functions is also considered. Maximum likelihood estimators are obtained using the Expectation–Maximization (EM) algorithm. Further, we obtain expected Fisher information matrix using the missing value principle. Bayes estimators are derived under squared error and linex loss functions. We have used Lindley, and Tiernery and Kadane methods to compute these estimates. In addition, Bayes estimators are computed using importance sampling scheme as well. Samples generated from this scheme are further utilized for constructing highest posterior density intervals for unknown parameters. For comparison purposes asymptotic intervals are also obtained. A numerical comparison is made between proposed estimators using simulations and observations are given. A real-life data set is analyzed for illustrative purposes.     

Adaptive Bayes sum test for the equality of two nonparametric functions

The statistical difference among massive data sets or signals is of interest to many diverse fields including neurophysiology, imaging, engineering, and other related fields. However, such data often have nonlinear curves, depending on spatial patterns, and have non-white noise that leads to difficulties in testing the significant differences between them. In this paper, we propose an adaptive Bayes sum test that can test the significance between two nonlinear curves by taking into account spatial dependence and by reducing the effect of non-white noise. Our approach is developed by adapting the Bayes sum test statistic by Hart [13 J.D. Hart, Frequentist-Bayes lack-of-fit tests based on Laplace approximations, J. Stat. Theory Practice 3 (2009), pp. 681–704. doi: 10.1080/15598608.2009.10411954[Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]]. The spatial pattern is treated through Fourier transformation. Resampling techniques are employed to construct the empirical distribution of test statistic to reduce the effect of non-white noise. A simulation study suggests that our approach performs better than the alternative method, the adaptive Neyman test by Fan and Lin [9 J. Fan and S. Lin, Test of significance when data are curves, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 93 (1997), pp. 1007–1021.[Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. The usefulness of our approach is demonstrated with an application in the identification of electronic chips as well as an application to test the change of pattern of precipitations.     

Bayesian Estimation of Regression Coefficients Under Extended Balanced Loss Function

Appreciating the desirability of simultaneously using both the criteria of goodness of fitted model and clustering of estimates around true parameter values, an extended version of the balanced loss function is presented and the Bayesian estimation of regression coefficients is discussed. The thus obtained optimal estimator is then compared with the least squares estimator and posterior mean vector with respect to the criteria like posterior expected loss, Bayes risk, bias vector, mean squared error matrix and risk function.     

False positives or hidden dimensions: What can monetary and multidimensional measurement tell us about child poverty in Vietnam?

Roelen K, Gassmann F, de Neubourg C. False positives or hidden dimensions: what can monetary and multidimensional measurement tell us about child poverty in Vietnam? A widely used division between poverty measures based on conceptual underpinnings and analytical outcomes is that of monetary versus multidimensional measures. Comparisons of the use and outcomes of the two methods have shown that they predominantly provide different pictures of poverty in terms of size, rank and group. This article contributes to the long‐standing and ongoing debate on poverty measurement by comparing the use of monetary and multidimensional poverty approaches, with a special focus on children in Vietnam and extending the empirical analysis beyond conventional methods. In addition to investigating whether poverty outcomes or groups of identified poor children differ when using the two different poverty measures, we also investigated the drivers underlying these differences. Findings confirm a considerable degree of mismatch: both poverty measures proved to be inadequate proxies for the other and factors underlying the identification by either one or both of the measures differed.     

Corporate governance and board accounts: exploring a neglected interface between boards of directors and management

There is an absence of research about what information boards of directors have access to and how they use that information. The purpose of this paper is to explore and theorize about the content and use of information to boards of directors. The paper introduces and elaborates on the concept of ‘board accounts’, which is defined as the information supplied to boards of directors by top-management. The paper locates the board accounts in the Swedish institutional setting and demonstrates how the concept can be operationalized in an empirical setting. On the basis of a unique material of archived board records in a Swedish company, the paper explores the board accounts over a period of 10 years (1989–1998). It is found that while use of the board accounts in the case study company changes considerably over time, the content of the board accounts remains largely unchanged. This raises questions about where and when directors receive information, the reliability of the information in the board accounts, and recent attempts to integrate corporate governance and management accounting (CIMA, Performance reporting to boards: a guide to good practice, 2003; CIMA strategic scorecard: boards engaging in strategy, 2005; Seal, Management Accounting Research 17(4):389–408, 2006). Finally, the paper discusses the merits of historical archive-based approaches in this field and possibilities for future research.

专业合作经营与新农村建设——基于广西贵港市农村的调查

利用对广西贵港市农村的实地调查资料,研究专业合作经营能否推进新农村建设这一问题。研究发现：专业合作经营能促进农村生产发展、改善农民生活、培育新型农民、孕育民主管理,是有效推进新农村建设的重要途径。