基于贝叶斯面板平滑转换模型的房价阈值效应研究

针对经济变量之间普遍存在的非线性关系,导致线性模型拟合失效的问题,构建面板数据平滑转换模型,刻画变量之间关系的非对称性。采用贝叶斯方法进行模型的参数估计,避免非线性最小二乘算法难以收敛,参数估计不确定。通过分析模型结构,选择参数先验分布,设计相应的Metropolis-Hasting-Gibbs混合抽样算法,据此估计模型参数;在此基础上,利用省域面板数据分析房价阈值效应问题。研究结果表明:参数的动态迭代轨迹收敛,MH-Gibbs混合抽样算法能够准确地估计模型各参数,解决了非线性最小二乘无法收敛的问题,证明了贝叶斯面板数据平滑转换模型的有效性;同时也验证了房价波动的阈值效应以及房价与城市化、城乡收入差距之间的非线性关系。     

陕北白绒山羊体尺指标与生产性能的多元统计模型简

研究陕北白绒山羊体尺指标与生产性能之间的关系,确定产绒量与体重、体长、体高、胸围、管围之间的线性相关关系,应用相关分析、多元线性回归、逐步回归、主成分分析等统计方法,借助SPSS等软件的数据分析功能,建立生产性能与体尺指标之间的最优回归模型,为陕北白绒山羊品种的选育、羊绒产量的提高提供良好的建议。     

"进化论"与五四新文学

进化论在近代传入中国时,经历了一个中国化的过程.新文学先驱们的救亡情结使得西方进化论的渐变思想发展成了近代中国"单向直线的一元整体思维".在这种新胜于旧、"后胜于今"的思维模式之下,五四时期的政治、文化和文学都染上了浓重的激进色彩,其中文学表现得尤为突出.从作家到作品,从理论到实践,从现实主义到浪漫主义,我们都能感受到新文学激进昂扬的主旋.     

Inventory Management for Customers with Alternative Lead Times

It is common for suppliers operating in batch‐production mode to deal with patient and impatient customers. This paper considers inventory models in which a supplier provides alternative lead times to its customers: a short or a long lead time. Orders from patient customers can be taken by the supplier and included in the next production cycle, while orders from impatient customers have to be satisfied from the on‐hand inventory. We denote the action to commit one unit of on‐hand inventory to patient or impatient customers as the inventory‐commitment decision, and the initial inventory stocking as the inventory‐replenishment decision. We first characterize the optimal inventory‐commitment policy as a threshold type, and then prove that the optimal inventory‐replenishment policy is a base‐stock type. Then, we extend our analysis to models to consider cases of a multi‐cycle setting, a supply‐capacity constraint, and the on‐line charged inventory‐holding cost. We also evaluate and compare the performances of the optimal inventory‐commitment policy and the inventory‐rationing policy. Finally, to further investigate the benefits and pitfalls of introducing an alternative lead‐time choice, we use the customer‐choice model to study the demand gains and losses, known as demand‐induction and demand‐cannibalization effects, respectively.     

Convergence of Discount Time Series Dynamic Linear Models

This article studies the limiting behavior of multiple discount time series dynamic linear models (TSDLMs). It is shown that, under mild conditions, all discount TSDLMs converge to the constant (time-invariant) TSDLM. In particular, the limiting posterior precision matrix of the superposition of multiple discount TSDLMs is explored. For non seasonal models, the elements of the limiting posterior precision of the states are given in a recurrence relationship, while for seasonal models the solution of a linear system provides the elements of the respective limiting precision matrix. The proposed methodology uses canonical Jordan forms and it is illustrated with a detailed example of simulated data featuring both trend and seasonal time series.     

Ridge Estimation to the Restricted Linear Model

This article is concerned with the problem of multicollinearity in a linear model with linear restrictions. After introducing a spheral restricted condition, a new restricted ridge estimation method is proposed by minimizing the sum of squared residuals. The property of the new estimator in its superiority over the ordinary restricted least squares estimation is then theoretically analyzed. Furthermore, a sufficient and necessary condition for selecting the ridge parameter k is obtained. To simplify the selection of the ridge parameter, a sufficient condition is also given. Finally, a numerical example demonstrates the merit of the new method in the aspect of solving the multicollinearity over the ordinary restricted least squares estimation.     

An Application of EM Algorithm to a Change-Point Problem

We consider the problem of change-point in a classical framework while assuming a probability distribution for the change-point. An EM algorithm is proposed to estimate the distribution of the change-point. A change-point model for multiple profiles is also proposed, and EM algorithm is presented to estimate the model. Two examples of Illinois traffic data and Dow Jones Industrial Averages are used to demonstrate the proposed methods.     

On Rates of Convergence for Posterior Distributions Under Misspecification

We extend the approach of Walker (2003 Walker , S. ( 2003 ). On sufficient conditions for Bayesian consistency . Biometrika 90 ( 2 ): 482 – 488 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]); (2004 Walker , S. ( 2004 ). New approaches to Bayesian consistency . Ann. Statist. 32 ( 5 ): 2028 – 2043 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) to the case of misspecified models. A sufficient condition for establishing rates of convergence is given based on a key identity involving martingales, which does not require construction of tests. We also show roughly that the result obtained by using tests can also be obtained by our approach, which demonstrates the potential wider applicability of this method.     

Inverse Regression in Binary Response LDV Model

Sliced inverse regression, a link-free and distribution-free method, is applied to binary response limited dependent variable models. An inverse regression property of binary response LDV model is found. Based on this property, if the distributions of X _j (j = 1, 2,…, p) satisfy the linearity condition, then β can be estimated up to a positive multiplicative scalar without any assumptions on the distribution of error ε. Moreover, the estimator can be proved to be asymptotically normal based on which testing hypotheses are considered. Simulations results are reported.     

Objective Bayesian Analysis of an Exponential Regression Model with Constrained Parameters Applied to Animal Digestibility

In animal digestibility the proportion of degraded food along the time has usually been modeled as a normal random variable with mean a function of the time and the following three parameters: the proportion of degraded food almost instantaneously, remaining proportion of food to be degraded, and velocity of degradation. The estimation of these parameters has been carried out mainly from a frequentist viewpoint by using the asymptotic distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator. This may give inadmissible estimates, such as values outside of the range of the parameters. This drawback could not appear if a Bayesian approach were adopted. In this article an objective Bayesian analysis is developed and illustrated on real and simulated data.