固定电话资费多样化势在必行

中国经济发展的多层次性 ,特别是居民收入的多层次性 ,使看似饱和的固定电话市场仍有很大的发展空间。但要拓展这个空间就必须改变固定电话单一的资费形式 ,丰富资费菜单 ,使消费者在选择中实现效用最大化 ,使固定电话的经营者在充分利用生产能力的同时实现效益最大化     

基于嵌套Logit模型的旅游者目的地选择影响因素分析

借鉴分类策略和选择域理论,将NMNL(Nested Multinomial Logit)模型用来分析情感映象和约束因素在目的地选择过程中的作用.对影响因素进行问卷调查后,采用统计软件stata 10.0进行分析.其中,约束因素包括对目的地的了解程度、没人同行、他人评价、人太多、交通不便、距离太远、费用太高,情感映象则用"愉快的-不愉快的"、"放松的-烦恼的"、"唤起的-沉睡的"、"兴奋的-沮丧的"这四维尺度来评价,得出结论:旅游者对某一目的地的情感映象越好,并且该目的地被感知的约束因素越少,该目的地被选择的机率也就越大.     

公共选择理论对我国公共领域治道变革的启示

公共选择是当代西方新兴的一种理论,它强调用经济的方法来分析政治问题,对公共领域的各种复杂现象具有较强的解释力。试图借助于这一分析工具提出当今中国的公共领域治道变革进程中应当提倡多元化决策和开放性文化。     

历史理性与文化姿态的尴尬——对知识分子话语实践的后现代观照

现代性是近代以来中国知识分子普遍关注的一个命题,自晚清以来,知识分子对现代性的言说是其话语实践的重要部分。这一过程分为三个时段:其一,1840年至1915年,知识分子的话语实践围绕现代化的原点定位展开;其二,1915年至1976年,则以激进的革命话语为主;其三,1976年至今,历史语境的复杂化使知识分子言说充满困惑。贯穿三个阶段的是知识分子的历史理性精神,但是由于其现代性言说疏离了中国历史和现实,所以他们的文化姿态难免尴尬。     

Access, Choice and Travel: Implications for Health Policy

The UK National Health Service is introducing policies offering patients a choice of the hospital where they would like to be treated. ‘Patient choice’ policies form part of a wider debate about the access to health care and the interaction between providers (including information, provision, performance and reputation) and patients (including knowledge, resources and willingness to travel). As the hospital of ‘choice’ might not necessarily be the ‘local’ provider, such policy developments are predicated on an assumption that some patients will be willing to travel further. This will, in turn, affect patients’ access to services. In general, use of services decreases with distance but this is dependent on accessibility to services, the organization of those services, the socio‐economic characteristics of the patient, perceptions of the provider and the condition for which they are to be treated. This article reviews the evidence on patients’ willingness to travel in terms of access to health care and assesses the emerging implications of and for current UK policy on patient choice.     

读者体验与创造中的《未选之路》

美国读者反应批评打开了通向讨论文学解释中个人体验的大门.其主要理念是:文学是通过读者的阅读体验,促进读者对文本意义进行创造性的创作和现实化.这是把文学范式的批评中心从文学的本义转向读者的体验的一个决定性的转折.笔者以此为基点,选取罗伯特·弗罗斯特的<未选之路>为典型,深刻观察读者对诗歌的体验和创作经历,揭示了文学实体向生活回归中的价值意义和哲学启示.     

保障措施:兼顾竞争各方利益的理性选择

从双赢的角度来考察保障措施,不难发现WTO正是从推动各成员实现利己与利他相结合的角度,在力图限制进口产品过分抢占市场份额功能的同时,也为兼顾竞争各方利益作出了安排,其目的在于为更多的国家走向贸易自由化提供一种制度保障,促使竞争各方做出有利于双赢的理性选择。     

主体选择:地方政府绩效评估研究的视角及问题域

主体选择是地方政府绩效评估的研究视角,地方政府绩效评估主体选择的基础理论、系统构成、制度保障及运作机制等构成了地方政府绩效评估主体选择研究问题域中的基本问题。我国地方政府绩效评估的主体包括公共权力组织、公众及公共性社会中介组织。保障和巩固公共权力组织主导的、以公共性社会中介组织为主体的公众本位循环评估机制,必须加强评估主体选择的制度建设。     

论我国投资银行业核心竞争力的培育

从战略管理的视角———核心竞争力理论出发,分析了中国投资银行业面临的困境与挑战及培育其核心竞争力的紧迫性和必要性,阐述了为培育中国投资银行业核心竞争力,应进行人才培养制度、公司治理制度、融资制度和经营模式及监管制度的创新和完善。     

Strategies for inference robustness in focused modelling

Advances in computation mean that it is now possible to fit a wide range of complex models to data, but there remains the problem of selecting a model on which to base reported inferences. Following an early suggestion of Box & Tiao, it seems reasonable to seek 'inference robustness' in reported models, so that alternative assumptions that are reasonably well supported would not lead to substantially different conclusions. We propose a four-stage modelling strategy in which we iteratively assess and elaborate an initial model, measure the support for each of the resulting family of models, assess the influence of adopting alternative models on the conclusions of primary interest, and identify whether an approximate model can be reported. The influence-support plot is then introduced as a tool to aid model comparison. The strategy is semi-formal, in that it could be embedded in a decision-theoretic framework but requires substantive input for any specific application. The one restriction of the strategy is that the quantity of interest, or 'focus', must retain its interpretation across all candidate models. It is, therefore, applicable to analyses whose goal is prediction, or where a set of common model parameters are of interest and candidate models make alternative distributional assumptions. The ideas are illustrated by two examples. Technical issues include the calibration of the Kullback-Leibler divergence between marginal distributions, and the use of alternative measures of support for the range of models fitted.